PLANTAE Haeckel, 1866
(plants)

Interactions where PLANTAE is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(dead, composted) dead, composted is decayed by sporangiophore Major Lichtheimia corymbifera a pin mould Mucorales: Lichtheimiaceae Absidia corymbifera, Lunn, J.A., 1977
/Fungi/Zygomycota/Zygomycetes/Mucorales/Lichtheimiaceae/Lichtheimia corymbifera/Lichtheimia corymbiferaa pin mouldsporangiophore Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Plantaeplantsdead, compostedMajor sporangiophore is saprobic on dead, composted

Author & YearTitleSource
Lunn, J.A., 1977Absidia corymbiferaI.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 521.
Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
interactions
No of
references
Subkingdom 19 subtaxa 17 trophisms 51 references
Phylum 1 subtaxa 4 trophisms
Class 1 subtaxa 4 trophisms
Phylum 1 subtaxa 2 trophisms
Class 1 subtaxa 2 trophisms
Division (Bot.) 1 trophisms
Phylum 2,877 subtaxa 43,103 trophisms 1,416 references
Subkingdom 288 subtaxa 1,122 trophisms 299 references
Informal 162 subtaxa 882 trophisms 205 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for PLANTAE (plants)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource

Forensics

Petraco, N. & Kubic, T. 2003 Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators 328pp, Taylor & Francis CRC Press

PLANTAE (plants) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Anon. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - RBG(K) www.rbgkew.org.uk/
Leake, J.R. 2005 Plants parasitic on fungi: unearthing the fungi in myco-heterotrophs and debunking the "saprophytic" plant myth Mycologist Vol 19 (3): 113-122.

Code

McNeill, J.; Barrie, F. R.; Buck, W. R. et al., eds. 2012 International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) Melbourne Code edition, XXX+240pp, Koeltz Scientific Books

Conservation

Walker, K. & Leach, S. 2011 Numbers of location and population sizes of some ’Critically Endangered’ or ’Endangered’ Red List Taxa BSBI News No. 118: 14-19.

Endophytes

2007 Fungal Endophytes Fungal Biology Reviews Vol 21, parts 2-3: 49-124.

Forensics

Coyle, H.M. 2004 Forensic Botany: Principles and Applications to Criminal Casework 336pp, Taylor & Francis CRC Press

Herbaria

Anon. Herbaria United herbariaunited.org

Journals

Plant Ecology
Australian Systematic Botany
Journal of Botany
New Phytologist
Nova Hedwigia
Hoppea, Denkschriften der Regensburgischen Botanischen Gesellschaft
Nordic Journal of Botany
Schlechtendalia
Thunbergia
Phytokeys Pensoft
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
British Ecological Society Journal of Ecology Published for/by:British Ecological Society

Journals/Regional

Botanical Journal of Scotland
Polish Botanical Journal
Universidad de Costa Rica Lankestriana Published for/by:Universidad de Costa Rica

Journals

Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh Published for/by:Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Kew Bulletin Published for/by:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Latin Names

Stearn, W.T. 1973 Botanical Latin: History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary Second edition, 566pp, David & Charles

Medical

Rätsch, A. 2005 The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants. Ethnopharmacology and its Applications Park Street Press
Schmidt, R.J. Botanical Dermatology Database (BoDD) www.botanical-dermatology-database.info

Microscopy

Coupin, J. & D. 1908 Atlas de Botanique Microscopique 126pp, Vigot Freres, Paris
Marson, J.E. 1983 Practical Microscopy Northern Biological Supplies

Nature Conservation

Rich, T. 2003 Global strategy for plant conservation: targets to be achieved by 2010 British Wildlife Vol 14, No. 4: 290.

Plant Pathology

DEFRA DEFRA Plant Health - Pests and Diseases www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pests.htm

Regional Studies

Crawley, M. 2005 The Flora of Berkshire 1375pp, Brambleby Books

Uk Legislation

DEFRA DEFRA: The Regulation and Control of the Release of Non-native Animals and Plants into the Wild in Great Britain www.defra.gov.uk/environment/gm/nonnav/01.htm

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to PLANTAE (plants):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 26,392 images of PLANTAE (plants)

Nail Varnish peels for surface microsculpture

Nail varnish peels provide a method of studying the surface structure of glabrous or sparsely haired leaves, often without damaging the plant. The method can also be applied to stems, petals, sepals, bud or cone scales or bark etc where these are large enough, although thin petals tend to shrivel. It could perhaps also be used for cut surfaces of wood, so long as these are first shaved smooth with a sharp knife.

Thick leaves like Ivy appear to suffer no ill effects, but thinner leaves like Wood Sorrel and most petals are killed by the nail varnish solvents.

Equipment: clear nail varnish, fine forceps, microscope slides, compound microscope.

Paint a thin patch of transparent nail varnish onto the surface to be studied. Leave to dry and peel off. Don’t be tempted to apply a second coat as this just pevents it lying flat on the slide. Place on a microscope slide (shiny side down) and run a drop of water under the film to hold it flat against the slide. Examine under the microscope at magnification of x40 to x400. The shapes of epidermal cells, stomata and any surface sculpture are clearly visible.

The patch should be about 10mm diam, but, with practice, smaller patches can be used if the plant part is small. For standardisation, leaf patches should be applied at a point between half and two-thirds of the distance from the end of the petiole to the leaf apex. They should start at the midrib and cover part of the adjacent lamina. But try patches elsewhere to compare morphology. Use a mature leaf, but again, compare younger and senescent leaves.

The upper and undersides of leaves are often different and should both be sampled. Be careful to distinguish the two peels. (If in doubt, the lower surface often has more stomata.)

Ideally the varnish should be applied to living material in the field. The peels should be placed in separate labelled tubes or packets. Alternatively, wait until the varnish is at least half-dry then detach the leaf and take it home. Drying is quite quick in warm weather, but at lower temperatures it may be necessary to leave the film for several hours or over night. Sometimes the peel develops a "snake-skin" appearance due to the formation of tiny pits on the outer surface as it dries. This may be due to condensation but has not been investigated. Take care to ignore such artefacts when interpreting films.

When studying picked plant material, the varnish should be applied before wilting to avoid shrinkage or changes of shape due to loss of turgor.

Leaf microstructure is often asymmetrical. Try to keep track of the orientation of the peel, although this can sometimes be inferred from the venation.

Thin peels adhere well to the slide (van der Waals forces) and are reasonably tough. Each peel can be anchored with a small piece of exhibition tape for additional security. For long term storage slides should be labelled and need little more than wrapping in aluminium foil for protection, with the name repeated on the foil.

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