PHORONIDA Hatschek, 1888
(horseshoe worms)

Taxonomic hierarchy:
PhylumPHORONIDA (horseshoe worms)
SuperphylumLOPHOTROCHOZOA (molluscs and relatives)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Anon. The Marine Life Information Network for Britain and Ireland (MarLIN) www.marlin.ac.uk/gallerycategory.php?gcatid=8
Emig, C.C. 1979 British and Other Phoronids Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 13, The Linnean Society of London
Fish, J.D. & Fish, S. 2011 A Student’s Guide to the Seashore 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press
Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/

Marine Planktonic Stages

() Conway, D.V.P. 2015 Marine Zooplankton of southern Britain. Part 3: Ostracoda, Stomatopoda, Nebaliacea, Mysida, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Cumacea, Euphausiacea, Decapoda, Annelida, Tardigrada, Nematoda, Phoronida, Bryozoa, Entoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata and Chordata Occasional Publications, No. 27, 272pp, Marine Biological Association

Planktonic Stages

Todd, C.D., Laverack, M.S. & Boxshall, G. 1996 Coastal Marine Zooplankton: A Practical Manual for Students 2nd edition, 106pp, Cambridge University Press

PHORONIDA (horseshoe worms) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for PHORONIDA (horseshoe worms)
BioInfoBioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 0 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for PHORONIDA (horseshoe worms)
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