Tracheophyta

Subtaxon	Example images	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of images	No of ID refs
GINKGOOPSIDA maidenhair tree or ginkgo		Class	1 subtaxa	12 images
	GINKGOALES maidenhair tree or ginkgo		Order	1 subtaxa	12 images
		GINKGOACEAE maidenhair tree or ginkgo		Family	1 subtaxa	12 images
LILIOPSIDA		Class	1 subtaxa		1 ident. refs
LYCOPODIOPSIDA quillworts and clubmosses		Class	7 subtaxa	56 images	8 ident. refs
MAGNOLIOPSIDA flowering plants		Class	1,462 subtaxa	21,140 images	697 ident. refs
PINOPSIDA conifers		Class	33 subtaxa	637 images	4 ident. refs
[aquatic plants] aquatic plants		Informal	33 subtaxa	224 images	81 ident. refs
[Ectomycorrhizal trees and shrubs] ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs		Informal	80 subtaxa	1,498 images	128 ident. refs
[Endomycorrhizal trees and shrubs] endomycorrhizal or endotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs		Informal	98 subtaxa	1,301 images	112 ident. refs
[Evergreen trees and shrubs] evergreens		Informal	47 subtaxa	672 images	10 ident. refs
[Trees] broadleaved and coniferous trees		Informal	123 subtaxa	2,304 images	193 ident. refs
[Trees and shrubs] trees and shrubs, including conifers		Informal	368 subtaxa	6,064 images	645 ident. refs
[Trees with bark of high pH] basic-barked trees		Informal	8 subtaxa	132 images	6 ident. refs
[Trees with bark of low pH] acid-barked trees		Informal	45 subtaxa	732 images	76 ident. refs
[Trees with bark of middle pH] neutral-barked species, mesic-barked species		Informal	25 subtaxa	421 images	28 ident. refs
[Trees with bark of pH 5.2-6.6] slightly acid-barked trees		Informal	18 subtaxa	351 images	20 ident. refs
[Trees with bark of pH down to 3.2] most-acid-barked trees		Informal	10 subtaxa	177 images
[Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants] trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers		Informal	344 subtaxa	5,232 images	476 ident. refs

Identification Works

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Anon.		UK Botany discussion group
	Anon.		Interactive Flora of NW Europe	ip30.eti.uva.nl/bis/Flora.php
	Anon.		Photoflora	photoflora.free.fr
()	Bentham, G., revised Hooker, J.D.	1918	* Handbook of the British flora: a description of the flowering plants and ferns indigenous to, or naturalised in, the British Isles. For the use of beginners and amateurs. *(Superseded)	6th Edition edition, 584pp, L. Reeve & Co. Ltd
in the field()	Blamey, M. & Fitter, R. & A.	2003	Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland	Domino Guides, 482pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd
	British Ecological Society		British Ecological Society: Biological Flora Series	www.britishecologicalsociety.org/publications/journals/journal-of-ecology/biological-flora-of-the-british-isles/
()	Butcher, R.W.	1961	* A New Illustrated British Flora (2 vols) *(Superseded)	1016 & 1080pp, Leonard Hill
()	Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M.	1985	Flora of the British Isles	3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
()	Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Warburg, E.F.	1968	* Excursion of Flora of the British Isles *(Superseded)	Second edition edition, 586pp, Cambridge University Press
()	Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Warburg, E.F.	1962	* Flora of the British Isles *(Superseded)	Second Edition edition, 1269pp, Cambridge University Press
	Coste, H.	1937	* Flore descriptive et illustrée de la France et de la Corse et des contrées limitrophes *(Superseded)	Tomes 1, 2, 3, index, 1848pp
	Keble Martin, W.	1965	* The Concise British Flora in Colour *(Superseded)	254pp, Michael Joseph
	Meyer, T. & Hassler, M.		Mediterranean and Alpine flora	www.mittelmeerflora.de/
	Meyer, T.		Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland	blumeninschwaben.de/index.htm
	National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland		Flora of Northern Ireland	www.habitas.org.uk/flora/index.html
()	Rich, T.C.G. & Jermy, C.	2012	Plant Crib 2012	Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
()	Rich, T.C.G. & Jermy, C.	1998	* Plant Crib 1998 *(Superseded)	391pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
()	Rich, T.C.G. & M.D.B. & Perring, F.H.	1988	* Plant Crib *(Superseded)	141pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
()	Stace, C.	2019	New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 4)	Third edition edition, 1266pp, Cambridge University Press
()	Stace, C.	2010	* New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 3) *(Superseded)	Third edition edition, 1232pp, Cambridge University Press
()	Stace, C.	1999	Field Flora of the British Isles	736pp, Cambridge University Press
()	Stace, C.	1997	* New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2) *(Superseded)	Second edition edition, 1130pp, Cambridge University Press
	Stace, C.A., Preston, C.D. & Pearman, D.A.	2015	Hybrid Flora of the British Isles	499pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
	Stace, C.A., van der Meijden, R. & de Kort, I.		Flora of NW Europe	wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/chaetognatha.php
()	Wiggington, M.J. & Graham, G.G.	1981	* Guide to the Identification of some of the more Difficult Vascular Plant Species *(Superseded)	England Field Unit: Occasional Paper 1, 157pp, Nature Conservancy Council
Aquatic Plants
	Haslam S, Sinker, C., Wolseley, P.	1982	British Water Plants	FSC Publication, S10, 1982 edition edition, 109pp, Field Studies Council
Drawings
	Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Warburg, E.F. (Roles, S.J. del)	1957	Flora of the British Isles: Illustrations	I-IV, 144+119+115+119pp, Cambridge University Press
in the field()	Clement, E.J., Smith, D.P.J. & Thirlwell, I.R.	2005	Illustrations of Alien Plants of the British Isles	466pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
	Fitch, W.H. & Smith, W.G.	1949	* Illustrations of the British Flora *(Superseded)	5th Revised Edition edition, 338pp, L. Reeve & Co. Ltd
Forensics
	Petraco, N. & Kubic, T.	2003	Color Atlas and Manual of Microscopy for Criminalists, Chemists, and Conservators	328pp, Taylor & Francis CRC Press
Hybrids
	Stace, C.A., Preston, C.D. & Pearman, D.A.	2015	Hybrid Flora of the British Isles	499pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
	Stace, C.A.	1975	Hybridization in the British Flora
Pollen
	Beug, H.-J.	2004	Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung für Mitteleuropa und angrenzende Gebiete	542pp, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil
	Chandler, J. & Rennison, D.	2005	Pollen Identification for Beekeepers: an illustrated key to accompany Rex Sawyer’s book
	Faegri, K. & Iversen, J.	1989	Which Plant?: Identification Keys for the North-west European Pollen Flora (extracted from the Textbook of Pollen Analysis)	51pp, John Wiley, New York
	Faegri, K. & Iverson, J. & Krzywinski K.	2000	Textbook of Pollen Analysis	IV edition, 328pp, Blackburn Press
	Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A. & Collinson, M.E.	1991	Pollen Analysis	Second edition edition, 217pp, Blackwell Scientific Publications
	Punt, W., Blackmore, S., Hoen, P. & Stafford, P.		The Northwest European Pollen Flora	Elsevier
	Wodehouse R.	1935	Pollen grains. Their structure, identification and significance in science and medicine	574pp, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc
Seeds
	Anon.		www.seabean.com	www.seabean.com
	University of Groningen (Institute of Archeology)		Digital Seed Atlas (Netherlands)	www.seeds.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/

TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa: