ECHINODERMATA Bruguière, 1791 [ex Klein, 1734]
(starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)

Subtaxon Example images Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
images		 No of
ID refs
ASTEROZOA
a subphylum of echinoderms
(Click to open)
 		Subphylum 7 subtaxa 78 images 2 ident. refs
ECHINOZOA
a subphylum of echinoderms
(Click to open)
 		Subphylum 4 subtaxa 39 images
Taxonomic hierarchy:
PhylumECHINODERMATA (starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)
SuperphylumDEUTEROSTOMIA (deuterostomes)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Anon. The Marine Life Information Network for Britain and Ireland (MarLIN) www.marlin.ac.uk/gallerycategory.php?gcatid=8
de Kluijver, M.J. & S.S. Ingalsuo, S.S. Echinodermata wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/echinodermata.php
Fish, J.D. & Fish, S. 2011 A Student’s Guide to the Seashore 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press
Forbes, E. 1841 *** A History of British Starfishes, and other Animals of the class Echinodermata ***(Superseded) 270pp, Van Voorst
in the field() Gibson, R., Hextall, B. & Rogers, A. 2001 Photographic Guide to the Sea & Shore Life of Britain & North-west Europe Oxford Natural History, 436pp, Oxford University Press
Gregory, J. British Marine Life Pictures www.britishmarinelifepictures.co.uk/gallery.html
() Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds) 1996 Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe reprint with minor corrections edition, 800pp, Oxford University Press
Koehler, P. 1921 *** Echinodermes ***(Superseded) Faune de France, Faune No 1, 210pp, Fédération Française des Sociétés de Science Naturel
Mortensen, T. 1927 *** Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles ***(Superseded) 471pp, Oxford University Press
Mugga Ekonomisk Förening Mugga www.mugga.se
Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/
Picton, B.E. 1993 A Field Guide to the Shallow-Water Echinoderms of the British Isles 96pp, Immel Publishing Ltd.
Southward, E.C. & Campbell, A.C. 2005 Echinoderms Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 56, Field Studies Council

Larvae

() Newell, G.E. & Newell, R.C. 1973 Marine Plankton - a practical guide 4th edition edition, 244pp, Hutchinson Educational Ltd.

Marine Planktonic Stages

() Conway, D.V.P. 2015 Marine Zooplankton of southern Britain. Part 3: Ostracoda, Stomatopoda, Nebaliacea, Mysida, Amphipoda, Isopoda, Cumacea, Euphausiacea, Decapoda, Annelida, Tardigrada, Nematoda, Phoronida, Bryozoa, Entoprocta, Brachiopoda, Echinodermata, Chaetognatha, Hemichordata and Chordata Occasional Publications, No. 27, 272pp, Marine Biological Association

Marine

() Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds) 1990 The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe 2 volumes, 996pp, Clarendon Press

Planktonic Stages

Todd, C.D., Laverack, M.S. & Boxshall, G. 1996 Coastal Marine Zooplankton: A Practical Manual for Students 2nd edition, 106pp, Cambridge University Press

ECHINODERMATA (starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for ECHINODERMATA (starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)
BioInfoBioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 4 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for ECHINODERMATA (starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)
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