PORIFERA Grant, 1836
(sponges)

Subtaxon Example images Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
images		 No of
ID refs
CALCAREA
a class of sponges
Class 2 subtaxa 13 images
CALCARONEA
a subclass of sponges
Subclass 2 subtaxa 13 images
LEUCOSOLENIDA
an order of sponges
(Click to open)
 		Order 2 subtaxa 13 images
DEMOSPONGIAE
a class of sponges
(Click to open)
 		Class 7 subtaxa 46 images 1 ident. refs
Porifera (unidentified)
Unidentified Sponges
(Click to open)
 		Unidentified 27 images
Taxonomic hierarchy:
PhylumPORIFERA (sponges)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Bowerbank, J.S. 1864 *** A Monograph of the British Spongiadae Vols I-IV ***(Superseded) Vols 36, 38, 51 & 57, The Ray Society, London
Gregory, J. British Marine Life Pictures www.britishmarinelifepictures.co.uk/gallery.html

Freshwater

Visser, H. & Veldhuijzen van Zanten, H.H. European Limnofauna wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/limno.php

Marine

Ackers, R.G., Moss, D. & Picton, B.E. 1992 *** Sponges of the British Isles - A colour guide and working document ***(Superseded) Marine Conservation Society
Ackers, R.G., Moss, D., Picton, B.E., Stone, S.M.K. & Morrow, C.C. 2007 Sponges of the British Isles ("Sponge V") - A colour guide and working document 2007 edition, 165pp, Marine Conservation Society
Fish, J.D. & Fish, S. 2011 A Student’s Guide to the Seashore 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press
in the field() Gibson, R., Hextall, B. & Rogers, A. 2001 Photographic Guide to the Sea & Shore Life of Britain & North-west Europe Oxford Natural History, 436pp, Oxford University Press
() Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds) 1996 *** Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe ***(Superseded) reprint with minor corrections edition, 800pp, Oxford University Press
() Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds) 1990 *** The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe ***(Superseded) 2 volumes, 996pp, Clarendon Press
Naylor, P. 2005 Great British Marine Animals 2nd edition edition
Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/
Picton, B.E., Morrow, C. & van Soest, R. 2007 Sponges of Britain and Ireland Revised and extended edition, Marine Conservation Society
Picton, B.E., Morrow, C.C. & van Soest, R. Sponges of Britain and Ireland www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/sponge_guide/
Wood, C. 2007 Seasearch Observer’s Guide to Marine Life of Britain and Ireland SeaSearch guides, Marine Conservation Society

PORIFERA (sponges) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for PORIFERA (sponges)
BioInfoBioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 6 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for PORIFERA (sponges)
Creative Commons License
This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioImages website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

Photographs from other photographers are used with permission but not included under the above CC licence.

BioImages - Virtual Field-Guide (UK)