Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Fox, Red Fox)

Interactions where Vulpes vulpes is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
adult adult is predator of adult UK/Ireland Timarcha tenebricosa Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxadult Animal / predatorUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/Timarcha tenebricosabloody-nosed beetleadult

Interactions where Vulpes vulpes is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
spreads Leptospira Weil’s disease (causative organism) Foxes, Harris, S., 1984
 /Leptospira/LeptospiraWeil's disease (causative organism) Animal / vector /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red fox is spread by
has blood sucked by Minor Ixodes ventalloi Rabbit Tick Ixodida: Ixodidae Ticks of North-West Europe, Hillyard, P.D., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ventalloi/Ixodes (Ixodes) ventalloirabbit tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxMinor sucks the blood of
has tears sucked by adult Phortica variegata Variegated Fruit-fly Diptera: Drosophilidae Phortica variegata (Fallén, 1823) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) new to Norway, Falck, M., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Drosophilidae/Phortica variegata/Phortica variegatavariegated fruit-flyadult Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / tear sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red fox adult sucks the tears of
dung dung dung may support mostly immersed pseudothecium Sporormiella minima an ascomycete Pleosporales: Sporormiaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Sporormiaceae/Sporormiella minima/Sporormiella minimaan ascomycetemostly immersedpseudothecium Animal / dung / saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxdung mostly immersed pseudothecium is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung
dung dung dung may support apothecium Ascobolus brassicae a discomycete Pezizales: Ascobolaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Pezizomycetes/Pezizales/Ascobolaceae/Ascobolus brassicae/Ascobolus brassicaea discomyceteapothecium Animal / dung / saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxdung apothecium is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung
dung dung dung may support scattered or gregarious, superficial, sessile apothecium Saccobolus dilutellus a discomycete Pezizales: Ascobolaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Pezizomycetes/Pezizales/Ascobolaceae/Saccobolus dilutellus/Saccobolus dilutellusa discomycetescattered or gregarious, superficial, sessileapothecium Animal / dung / saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxdung scattered or gregarious, superficial, sessile apothecium is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung
dung dung dung may support perithecium Rare Chaetomium crispatum an ascomycete fungus Sordariales: Chaetomiaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Chaetomiaceae/Chaetomium crispatum/Chaetomium crispatuman ascomycete fungusperithecium Animal / dung / saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxdungRare perithecium is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung
dung (buried) buried dung animal debris may support solitary larva Trypocopris vernalis Spring Dumbledor Coleoptera: Geotrupidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Geotrupidae/Trypocopris vernalis/Trypocopris vernalisspring dumbledorsolitarylarva Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxburieddung solitary larva feeds on animal debris buried dung
eye eye may be infected by Thelazia callipaeda Oriental Eyeworm Spirurida: Thelaziidae Phortica variegata (Fallén, 1823) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) new to Norway, Falck, M., 2007
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Chromadorea/Spirurida/Thelaziidae/Thelazia callipaeda/Thelazia callipaedaoriental eyeworm Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxeye infects eye
faeces faeces spreads egg Capillaria hepatica a roundworm Trichinellida: Capillariidae The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Enoplea/Trichinellida/Capillariidae/Capillaria hepatica/Capillaria hepaticaa roundwormegg Animal / vector /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxfaeces egg is spread by faeces
gut gut spreads egg Capillaria hepatica a roundworm Trichinellida: Capillariidae The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Enoplea/Trichinellida/Capillariidae/Capillaria hepatica/Capillaria hepaticaa roundwormegg Animal / vector /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxgut egg is spread by gut
small intestine small intestine is endoparasitised by usually solitary tapeworm Taenia taeniaeformis a tapeworm Tetraphyllidea: Taeniidae The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Cestoda/Tetraphyllidea/Taeniidae/Taenia taeniaeformis/Taenia taeniaeformisa tapewormusually solitarytapeworm Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Vulpes vulpes/Vulpes vulpesfox, red foxsmall intestine usually solitary tapeworm endoparasitises small intestine

Author & YearTitleSource
Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on ParasitesField Studies 3: 681-718.
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 246pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Falck, M., 2007Phortica variegata (Fallén, 1823) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) new to NorwayNJE Vol 54 (2): 113-114.
Harris, S., 1984Foxes20pp, The Mammal Society
Hillyard, P.D., 1996Ticks of North-West EuropeSynopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 52, 178pp, Field Studies Council
Jessop, L., 1986Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 11, New edition, 53pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Vulpes vulpes (Fox, Red Fox) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesVulpes vulpes (Fox, Red Fox)
FamilyCANIDAE (dogs)
OrderCARNIVORA (carnivores)
ClassMAMMALIA (mammals)
SuperclassTETRAPODA (a superclass of unassigneds)
PhylumCHORDATA (vertebrates)
SuperphylumDEUTEROSTOMIA (deuterostomes)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Vulpes vulpes (Fox, Red Fox)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Harris, S. 1984 Foxes 20pp, The Mammal Society

Vulpes vulpes (Fox, Red Fox) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Cote, I.M. & Sutherland, W.J. 1995 The scientific basis for predator control for bird conservation Research Reports EN Report no 144.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Vulpes vulpes (Fox, Red Fox):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 15 images of Vulpes vulpes (Fox, Red Fox)
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