Fraxinus excelsior L.
(Ash)

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesFraxinus excelsior (Ash)
GenusFraxinus (ashes)
FamilyOLEACEAE (olives, privets, ashes, lilacs and forsythias)
OrderLAMIALES (dead-nettles, eye-brights, foxgloves and speedwells)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
Records of Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) :
1: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
16 Apr 2016 OSGR: SU67 51° 30’ N, 1° 10’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
. Photos: pollen
Image 1: Bark - close-up - dryImage 2: Bark - close-up - moistImage 3: Bursting male catkin budsImage 4: Bursting male catkin buds (2)Image 5: Bursting male catkin buds (3)Image 6: Male catkinsImage 7: Male catkins (2)Image 8: TrunkImage 9: Pollen - magnified - white backgroundImage 10: Pollen - magnified - white background (2)Image 11: Pollen - magnified - white background (3)Image 12: Pollen - magnified - white background (4)Image 13: Pollen - magnified - white background (5)Image 14: Pollen - magnified - white background (6)Image 15: Pollen - magnified - white background (7)Image 16: Pollen - magnified - white background (8)Image 17: Pollen - magnified - white background (9)Image 18: Pollen - magnified - white background (10)Image 19: Pollen - highly magnified - white backgroundImage 20: Pollen - highly magnified - white background (2)Image 21: Pollen - optical section - magnified - white backgroundImage 22: Pollen - optical section - highly magnified - white backgroundImage 23: Pollen - surface focus - magnified - white background
2: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
2 May 2015 OSGR: SY68 50° 40’ N, 2° 30’ W Vice County: Dorset (VC 9) England
Newly burst leaves with very young fruit
Image 1: Branches with new foliageImage 2: New foliage with very young fruitsImage 3: New foliage with very young fruits (2)Image 4: Small tree with new foliage
3: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
18 Jun 2010 OSGR: SD97 54° 10’ N, 2° 10’ W Vice County: Mid-west Yorks (VC 64) England
Trees in Yorkshire Dales landscape . Photos: Trees in landscape
Image 1: Tree by dry-stone wall, in Yorkshire Dales landscapeImage 2: Tree by dry- stone wall, in Yorkshire Dales landscapeImage 3: Tree by dry stone wall, in Yorkshire Dales landscapeImage 4: Tree in Yorkshire Dales landscapeImage 5: Tree in Yorkshire Dales landscape (2)Image 6: Trees by dry stone wall, in Yorkshire Dales landscapeImage 7: Trees by dry stone walls, in Yorkshire Dales landscapeImage 8: Trees in Yorkshire Dales landscapeImage 9: Tree, with Hawthorn, in Yorkshire Dales landscape
4: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) IDENTIFICATION UNCERTAIN
7 Jan 2010 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 10’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
snow-covered winter trees . Photos: Snow-covered tree
Image 1: Snow-covered winter tree - in cloudImage 2: Snow-covered winter tree - in cloud (2)
5: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
7 Jan 2010 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 10’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
snow-covered winter trees . Photos: Snow-covered trees
Image 1: Snow-covered branches - in sunshineImage 2: Snow-covered branches - in sunshine (2)Image 3: Snow-covered winter trees - in sunshineImage 4: Snow-covered winter trees - in sunshine (2)Image 5: Snow-covered winter trees - in sunshine (3)Image 6: Snow-covered winter trees - in sunshine (4)Image 7: Snow-covered winter trees - in sunshine (5)
6: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
3 Jul 2005 OSGR: SO23 51° 60’ N, 3° 10’ W Vice County: Brecon (VC 42) Wales
Tree, on fence line . Photos: Tree in landscape
Image 1: Tree - in situImage 2: Tree - in situ (2)Image 3: Tree - in situ (3)
7: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
29 Apr 2002 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 10’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
Seedlings weeded from garden . Photos: Seedlings
Image 1: Seedling - recently germinatedImage 2: Seedlings - overwintered from last yearImage 3: Seedlings - overwintered from last year (2)
8: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
6 May 2000 OSGR: SU77 51° 30’ N, 0° 50’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
. Photos: Bursting buds and developing fruit
Image 1: Buds burstingImage 2: Buds bursting and developing fruitImage 3: Buds bursting with developing fruit below
9: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
22 Mar 1998 OSGR: SU57 51° 30’ N, 1° 20’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
. Photos: Female flowers
Image 1: Female flowersImage 2: Female flowers - close up
10: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
22 Mar 1998 OSGR: SU57 51° 30’ N, 1° 10’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
. Photos: Male flowers
Image 1: Male flowersImage 2: Male flowers - close up
11: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
31 Jan 1998 OSGR: SU56 51° 20’ N, 1° 10’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
. Photos: Winter twigs
Image 1: Leaf scarsImage 2: Leaf scars (2)Image 3: Terminal budsImage 4: Winter twigImage 5: Winter twigs and terminal buds
12: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
31 Jan 1998 OSGR: SU57 51° 30’ N, 1° 10’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
. Photos: Winter twigs
Image 1: Winter budsImage 2: Winter twigImage 3: Winter twig (2)Image 4: Winter twig (3)
13: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
2 Oct 1997 OSGR: SU67 51° 30’ N, 1° 0’ W Vice County: Berks (VC 22) England
. Photos: Leaves and buds
Image 1: BudsImage 2: Leaflet - top viewImage 3: Leaflet - under-sideImage 4: Leaf - top viewImage 5: Leaf - under-side
14: Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
12 Apr 1969 OSGR: TQ21 50° 50’ N, 0° 10’ W Vice County: East Sussex (VC 14) England
. Photos: Male catkins
Image 1: Male catkins

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Scannell, M.J.P. 2007 Is Fraxinus angustifolia naturalised in Britain? BSBI News 106: 38-40.

Fraxinus excelsior (Ash) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)
BioInfoBioInfo (www.bioinfo.org.uk) has 92 host/parasite/foodplant and/or other relationships for Fraxinus excelsior (Ash)

Said to be the best wood for firewood, as evidenced by the following old poem:

Beech-wood fires burn bright and clear

If the logs are kept a year;

Store your beech for Christmastide

With new-cut holly laid beside;

Chestnut’s only good, they say,

If for years ’tis stored away;

Birch and fir-wood burn too fast

Blaze too bright and do not last;

Flames from larch will shoot up high,

Dangerously the sparks will fly;

But ash-wood green and ash-wood brown

Are fit for a Queen with a golden crown.

Oaken logs, if dry and old,

Keep away the winter’s cold;

Poplar gives a bitter smoke,

Fills your eyes and makes you choke;

Elm-wood burns like churchyard mould,

E’en the very flames are cold;

It is by the Irish said;

Hawthorn bakes the sweetest bread,

Apple-wood will scent the room,

Pear-wood smells like flowers in bloom;

But ash-wood wet and ash-wood dry

A King may warm his slippers by.

Anon.

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