AVES
(birds)

Interactions where AVES is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
is predator of APHIDIDAE greenfly Hemiptera Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aphididaegreenfly

Interactions where AVES is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
has blood sucked by larva Ixodes ricinus Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick Ixodida: Ixodidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds larva sucks the blood of
has blood sucked by nymph Ixodes ricinus Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick Ixodida: Ixodidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds nymph sucks the blood of
corpse may attract adult Trypocopris vernalis Spring Dumbledor Coleoptera: Geotrupidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Geotrupidae/Trypocopris vernalis/Trypocopris vernalisspring dumbledoradult Animal / associate /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdscorpse adult is associated with corpse
is ectoparasitised by imago ForeignMinor Pseudolynchia garzettae Pigeon Fly Diptera: Hippoboscidae Keds, Flat-Flies and Bat-Flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae and Nycteribiidae), Hutson, A.M., 1984
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Hippoboscidae/Pseudolynchia garzettae/Pseudolynchia garzettaepigeon flyimago Animal / parasite / ectoparasiteForeign /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/AvesbirdsMinor imago ectoparasitises
nestling has blood sucked by larva Restricted Protocalliphora azurea Bird Blowfly Diptera: Calliphoridae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Calliphoridae/Protocalliphora azurea/Protocalliphora azureabird blowflylarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/AvesbirdsnestlingSole larva sucks the blood of nestling
nestling is ectoparasitoid host of larva Restricted Protocalliphora azurea Bird Blowfly Diptera: Calliphoridae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Calliphoridae/Protocalliphora azurea/Protocalliphora azureabird blowflylarva Animal / parasitoid / ectoparasitoid /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/AvesbirdsnestlingSole larva is ectoparasitoid of nestling
is parasitised by larva Minor Sarcophaga melanura a flesh fly Diptera: Sarcophagidae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Sarcophagidae/Sarcophaga melanura/Sarcophaga melanuraa flesh flylarva Animal / parasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/AvesbirdsMinor larva parasitises
has blood sucked by Lyctocoris campestris The Debris Bug Hemiptera: Anthocoridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Anthocoridae/Lyctocoris (Lyctocoris) campestris/Lyctocoris (Lyctocoris) campestristhe debris bug Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds sucks the blood of
may be infected by Aspergillus flavus Stonebrood Disease (A causative organism) Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae Diseases of the honey bee, Wikipedia
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Eurotiales/Trichocomaceae/Aspergillus flavus/Aspergillus flavusstonebrood disease (a causative organism) Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds infects
may be infected by Aspergillus neoflavipes Stonebrood Disease (A causative organism), Aspergillosis Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae Diseases of the honey bee, Wikipedia
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Eurotiales/Trichocomaceae/Aspergillus neoflavipes/Aspergillus neoflavipesstonebrood disease (a causative organism), aspergillosis Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds infects
may be infected by Aspergillus niger Black Mould Of Onions, Garlic and Shallots - causative organism Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae Diseases of the honey bee, Wikipedia
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Eurotiales/Trichocomaceae/Aspergillus niger/Aspergillus nigerblack mould of onions, garlic and shallots (causative organism) Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds infects
may be infected by Lichtheimia corymbifera a pin mould Mucorales: Lichtheimiaceae Absidia corymbifera, Lunn, J.A., 1977
/Fungi/Zygomycota/Zygomycetes/Mucorales/Lichtheimiaceae/Lichtheimia corymbifera/Lichtheimia corymbiferaa pin mould Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds infects
dung dung dung may support apothecium Ascobolus crenulatus a discomycete Pezizales: Ascobolaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Pezizomycetes/Pezizales/Ascobolaceae/Ascobolus crenulatus/Ascobolus crenulatusa discomyceteapothecium Animal / dung / saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdung apothecium is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung
dung dung dung may support Stemmaria anamorph UK/Ireland Stemmaria aeruginosa an anamorphic ascomycete Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Stemmaria aeruginosa/Stemmaria aeruginosaan anamorphic ascomyceteStemmaria anamorph Animal / dung / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdung Stemmaria anamorph is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung
dung dung dung may support sporangiophore Coemansia scorpioidea a pin mould Kickxellales: Kickxellaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Zygomycota/Zygomycetes/Kickxellales/Kickxellaceae/Coemansia scorpioidea/Coemansia scorpioideaa pin mouldsporangiophore Animal / dung / saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdung sporangiophore is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support effuse colony of Monodictys dematiaceous anamorph Monodictys levis a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Monodictys levis/Monodictys levisa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyMonodictys dematiaceous anamorph Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather effuse colony of Monodictys dematiaceous anamorph feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Arthroderma curreyi an ascomycete Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Arthrodermataceae/Arthroderma curreyi/Arthroderma curreyian ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Arthroderma quadrifidum an ascomycete Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Arthrodermataceae/Arthroderma quadrifidum/Arthroderma quadrifiduman ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Arthroderma uncinatum an ascomycete Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Arthrodermataceae/Arthroderma uncinatum/Arthroderma uncinatuman ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Ctenomyces serratus an ascomycete Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Arthrodermataceae/Ctenomyces serratus/Ctenomyces serratusan ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Nannizzia cajetana an ascomycete Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Arthrodermataceae/Nannizzia cajetana/Nannizzia cajetanaan ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support Microsporum conidial anamorph Nannizzia cajetana an ascomycete Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Arthrodermataceae/Nannizzia cajetana/Nannizzia cajetanaan ascomyceteMicrosporum conidial anamorph Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather Microsporum conidial anamorph feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Shanorella spirotricha an ascomycete Onygenales: Arthrodermataceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Arthrodermataceae/Shanorella spirotricha/Shanorella spirotrichaan ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Actinodendron verticillatum an ascomycete Onygenales: Gymnoascaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Gymnoascaceae/Actinodendron verticillatum/Actinodendron verticillatuman ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support gymnothecium Arachniotus candidus an ascomycete Onygenales: Gymnoascaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Gymnoascaceae/Arachniotus candidus/Arachniotus candidusan ascomycetegymnothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather gymnothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support arthroconidial anamorph Arachniotus candidus an ascomycete Onygenales: Gymnoascaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Gymnoascaceae/Arachniotus candidus/Arachniotus candidusan ascomycetearthroconidial anamorph Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather arthroconidial anamorph feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support cleistothecium Aphanoascus fulvescens an ascomycete Onygenales: Onygenaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Onygenaceae/Aphanoascus fulvescens/Aphanoascus fulvescensan ascomycetecleistothecium Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather cleistothecium feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support ascoma Major Onygena corvina Feather Stalkball Onygenales: Onygenaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Onygenaceae/Onygena corvina/Onygena corvinafeather stalkballascoma Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeatherMajor ascoma feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support Cephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph Cephalotrichum microsporum a dematiaceous hyphomycete Microascales: Microascaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Microascales/Microascaceae/Cephalotrichum microsporum/Cephalotrichum microsporuma dematiaceous hyphomyceteCephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather Cephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
feather (dead, fallen) dead, fallen feather animal debris may support Cephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph Cephalotrichum stemonitis a dematiaceous hyphomycete Microascales: Microascaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Microascales/Microascaceae/Cephalotrichum stemonitis/Cephalotrichum stemonitisa dematiaceous hyphomyceteCephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsdead, fallenfeather Cephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph feeds on animal debris dead, fallen feather
nest nest may attract UK/Ireland Androlaelaps casalis an omnivorous mite Mesostigmata: Laelapidae Checklist of the mites (Arachnida: Acari) associated with bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the British Isles, Baker, A.S. & Craven, J.C., 2003
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Mesostigmata/Laelapidae/Androlaelaps casalis/Androlaelaps casalisan omnivorous mite Animal / associateUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsnest is associated with nest
nest nest may attract larva Fannia nidica a lesser house fly Diptera: Fanniidae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Fanniidae/Fannia nidica/Fannia nidicaa lesser house flylarva Animal / associate /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsnest larva is associated with nest
nest nest may attract larva Hydrotaea basdeni a muscid fly Diptera: Muscidae Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) Muscidae, Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Muscidae/Hydrotaea basdeni/Hydrotaea basdenia muscid flylarva Animal / associate /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsnest larva is associated with nest
nest nest may attract larva Potamia littoralis a muscid fly Diptera: Muscidae Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) Muscidae, Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Muscidae/Potamia littoralis/Potamia littoralisa muscid flylarva Animal / associate /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsnest larva is associated with nest
nest nest has guest Lyctocoris campestris The Debris Bug Hemiptera: Anthocoridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Anthocoridae/Lyctocoris (Lyctocoris) campestris/Lyctocoris (Lyctocoris) campestristhe debris bug Animal / guest /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsnest is a guest in nest
nest (old) old nest may attract larva Fannia coracina a lesser house fly Diptera: Fanniidae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Fanniidae/Fannia coracina/Fannia coracinaa lesser house flylarva Animal / associate /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsoldnest larva is associated with old nest
prey debris in nest prey debris in nest animal debris may support Trox scaber a hide beetle Coleoptera: Trogidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Trogidae/Trox scaber/Trox scabera hide beetle Animal / dung / debris saprobe /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdsprey debris in nest feeds on animal debris prey debris in nest
trachea trachea is endoparasitised by Syngamus trachea Gapeworm The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
/Animalia/Nematoda/Strongyloidea/Syngamus trachea/Syngamus tracheagapeworm Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirdstrachea endoparasitises trachea

Author & YearTitleSource
WikipediaDiseases of the honey beeen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_the_honey_bee
Avery, R.A., 1974Identification of Animal ParasitesHulton Group Keys, 182pp, Hulton Educational Publications Ltd.
Baker, A.S. & Craven, J.C., 2003Checklist of the mites (Arachnida: Acari) associated with bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the British IslesSystematic & Applied Acarology Special Publications Systematic & Applied Acarology Vol 14: 1-20.
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on ParasitesField Studies 3: 681-718.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 246pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) MuscidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 4(b), 119pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Hutson, A.M., 1984Keds, Flat-Flies and Bat-Flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae and Nycteribiidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 7, 40pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Jessop, L., 1986Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 11, New edition, 53pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Lunn, J.A., 1977Absidia corymbiferaI.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 521.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
van Emden, F.I.,, 1954Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and CalliphoridaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 4(a), 133pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

AVES (birds) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
interactions
No of
references
Order 4 subtaxa 4 trophisms 5 references
Order 12 subtaxa 28 trophisms 12 references
Order 1 subtaxa 6 trophisms
Family 1 subtaxa 6 trophisms
Order 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 2 references
Family 1 subtaxa 2 references
Genus 1 subtaxa 2 references
Order 19 subtaxa 19 trophisms 24 references
Order 6 subtaxa 6 trophisms 2 references
Order 4 subtaxa 14 trophisms 4 references
Order 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Family 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Genus 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Order 2 trophisms
Order 2 subtaxa 4 trophisms 2 references
Family 2 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Genus 2 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Order 8 subtaxa 24 trophisms 9 references
Order 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Family 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Order 6 subtaxa 13 trophisms 3 references
Order 1 subtaxa 1 references
Family 1 subtaxa 1 references
Order 49 subtaxa 74 trophisms 44 references
Order 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms
Family 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms
Order 1 subtaxa 4 trophisms
Order 1 subtaxa 3 trophisms 1 references
Family 1 subtaxa 3 trophisms 1 references
Order 2 subtaxa 1 trophisms 1 references
Order 2 subtaxa 2 references
Order 4 subtaxa 18 trophisms 2 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
ClassAVES (birds)
SuperclassTETRAPODA (a superclass of unassigneds)
PhylumCHORDATA (vertebrates)
SuperphylumDEUTEROSTOMIA (deuterostomes)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for AVES (birds)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Benson, S.V. 1960 *** The Observer’s Book of Birds ***(Superseded) Observer's Books, No 1, Revised edition edition, 223pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Ferguson-Lees, J., Willis, I. & Sharrock, J.T.R. 1983 The Shell Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland 336pp, Michael Joseph
Paris, P. 1921 *** Oiseaux ***(Superseded) Faune de France, Faune No 2, 473pp, Fédération Française des Sociétés de Science Naturel
Pendleton, T. & D. Photo gallery: Birds www.eakringbirds.com/eakringbirds4/photogallerythumbsbirds.htm
Wuilbaut, J.J. Cercle de Mycologie de Mons (Belgique): (Page perso de JJ. Wuilbaut) users.skynet.be/jjw.myco.mons

Dung Identification

Pagett, M. 2007 What shat that? the pocket guide to poop identity 112pp, Crombie Jardine Publishing Ltd

Feeding Signs

in the field () Bang, P. & Dahlstrom, P. 1974 Animal Tracks and Signs Collins Guides, 240pp, Collins

Nests And Eggs

Atkinson, J.C. 1901 British birds’ eggs and nests New and revised edition, 247 pages+12 platespp, Routledge
Harrison, C.J.O. 1985 A Field Guide to Nests, Eggs & Nestlings of British & European Birds Collins Field Guides, Collins
in the field Pochin, E British Birds’ Eggs and Their Nests The Young Naturalist Series, 32pp, The Brockhampton Press

AVES (birds) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Brown, A.F. & Grice, P.V. 1993 Birds in England: context and priorities Research Reports EN Report no 62.
Cote, I.M. & Sutherland, W.J. 1995 The scientific basis for predator control for bird conservation Research Reports EN Report no 144.
Grice, P.V., Brown, A.F., Carter, I.C. & Rankine, C.A. 1994 Birds in England: A Natural Areas approach Research Reports EN Report no 114.
Yapp, W.B. 1979 Specific Diversity in Woodland Birds Field Studies 5: 45-58.

Classic Literature

Rothschild, M. & Clay, T. 1957 Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos: A Study of Bird Parasites The New Naturalist, 304pp, Collins

Conservation

McCracken, D & Bignal, E, 1991 Chemical alternatives to treatment of cattle with Ivermectin

Nature Conservation

Fisher, S. et al 2005 The Farmland Bird Database - targetting agri-environment schemes on farmland birds British Wildlife Vol 17, No 2: 77-81.
Stroud, D. 2002 The UK network of Special Protection Areas for birds British Wildlife Vol 14, No 1: 7-14.

Parasitology

Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M. 1973 The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites Field Studies 3: 681-718.

Pollution

Smith, J.T. et al 2006 Assessment of the risk posed by toxic contamination to waterbirds on Special Protection Areas (SPAs) Research Reports EN Report no 703.

Societies

Anon. British Association of Nature Conservationists www.banc.org.uk

Surveys

Smith, L. et al 2006 Aerial surveys of waterbirds in The Wash, 2005/06 Research Reports EN Report no 708.

Wildlife Rescue

Anon. UK Wildlife Rescue discussion group

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to AVES (birds):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 1,415 images of AVES (birds)
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BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)