Cardamine L.
(bitter-cresses)

Interactions where Cardamine is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		is foodplant of larva			Ceutorhynchus pectoralis	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Ceutorhynchus pectoralis/	Ceutorhynchus pectoralis	a weevil				larva	Foodplant / feeds on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses								larva feeds on
flower		flower is galled by larva			Dasineura cardaminis	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Dasineura cardaminis/	Dasineura cardaminis	a gall midge				larva	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses			flower					larva causes gall of flower
green parts (live, discoloured, distorted)		live, discoloured, distorted green parts is swollen by colony			Albugo candida s. lat.	White Blister or White Rust Of Brassicaceae	Albuginales: Albuginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Albuginales/Albuginaceae/Albugo candida s. lat./	Albugo candida s. lat.	white blister or white rust of Brassicaceae			colony		Foodplant / false gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses		live, discoloured, distorted	green parts				(spring, early autumn)	colony causes swelling of live, discoloured, distorted green parts
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Phyllotreta astrachanica	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Phyllotreta astrachanica/	Phyllotreta astrachanica	a flea beetle				larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses			leaf					larva grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by imago			Phyllotreta astrachanica	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Phyllotreta astrachanica/	Phyllotreta astrachanica	a flea beetle				imago	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses			leaf					imago grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Phyllotreta ochripes	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Phyllotreta ochripes/	Phyllotreta ochripes	a flea beetle				larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses			leaf					larva grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by imago			Phyllotreta ochripes	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Phyllotreta ochripes/	Phyllotreta ochripes	a flea beetle				imago	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses			leaf					imago grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by larva			Phyllotreta tetrastigma	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Phyllotreta tetrastigma/	Phyllotreta tetrastigma	a flea beetle				larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses			leaf					larva grazes on leaf
leaf		leaf is grazed by imago			Phyllotreta tetrastigma	a flea beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Phyllotreta tetrastigma/	Phyllotreta tetrastigma	a flea beetle				imago	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses			leaf					imago grazes on leaf
leaf (live, discoloured, distorted)		live, discoloured, distorted leaf is swollen by colony			Albugo candida s. lat.	White Blister or White Rust Of Brassicaceae	Albuginales: Albuginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Albuginales/Albuginaceae/Albugo candida s. lat./	Albugo candida s. lat.	white blister or white rust of Brassicaceae			colony		Foodplant / false gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses		live, discoloured, distorted	leaf				(spring, early autumn)	colony causes swelling of live, discoloured, distorted leaf
leaf (live, with nibbled holes)		live, with nibbled holes leaf is grazed by adult			Phaedon cochleariae	Mustard Beetle, Watercress Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Phaedon cochleariae/	Phaedon cochleariae	mustard beetle, watercress beetle				adult	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Brassicales/Brassicaceae/Cardamine/	Cardamine	bitter-cresses		live, with nibbled holes	leaf				(5-9)	adult grazes on live, with nibbled holes leaf

Author & Year	Title	Source
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland	336pp, Pisces Publications
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Cardamine (bitter-cresses) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

BRASSICACEAE
(cabbages, cresses etc.)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Cardamine amara Large Bitter-cress				Species		2 trophisms
Cardamine bulbifera Coralroot, Coralroot Bittercress				Species			1 references
Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bittercress				Species		4 trophisms
Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress				Species		3 trophisms
Cardamine impatiens Narrow-leaved Bitter-cress				Species		1 trophisms
Cardamine pratensis Lady’s Smock, Cuckoo Flower, Cuckooflower				Species		9 trophisms	2 references
Cardamine pratensis x flexuosa = C. x fringsii a hybrid bitter-cress				Species hybrid			1 references

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Genus	Cardamine (bitter-cresses)
Family	BRASSICACEAE (cabbages, cresses etc.)
Order	BRASSICALES (cabbages, cresses, weld, mignonette, spiderflowers and garden nasturtiums)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Cardamine is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Brassicaceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Cardamine (bitter-cresses)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
()	Lansdown R.V. & Pankhurst T.J.		Field Guide to the Identification of Difficult Aquatic Plants of the New Forest

Cardamine (bitter-cresses) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

BRASSICACEAE
(cabbages, cresses etc.)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Cardamine (bitter-cresses):

BRASSICACEAE
(cabbages, cresses etc.)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 88 images of Cardamine (bitter-cresses)

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