MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

Interactions where MAGNOLIOPSIDA is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of UK/IrelandQuestionable Bagous tempestivus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Bagous tempestivus/Bagous tempestivusa weevil Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants? feeds on
has sap sucked by Gonocerus acuteangulatus Box Bug Hemiptera: Coreidae /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coreidae/Gonocerus acuteangulatus/Gonocerus acuteangulatusbox bug Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants sucks sap of
seed has sap sucked by nymph Rhyparochromus pini a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Rhyparochromus pini/Rhyparochromus pinia ground bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsseed nymph sucks sap of seed
seed has sap sucked by adult Rhyparochromus pini a ground bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Rhyparochromus pini/Rhyparochromus pinia ground bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsseed adult sucks sap of seed
has sap sucked by Aphis fabae Black Bean Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aphis (Aphis) fabae/Aphis (Aphis) fabaeblack bean aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Macrosiphum euphorbiae Potato Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) euphorbiae/Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) euphorbiaepotato aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Myzus ornatus Violet Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Myzus (Myzus) ornatus/Myzus (Myzus) ornatusviolet aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Myzus ascalonicus Shallot Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Myzus (Nectarosiphon) ascalonicus/Myzus (Nectarosiphon) ascalonicusshallot aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Myzus persicae Peach-potato Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae/Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicaepeach-potato aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Aulacorthum solani Glasshouse and Potato Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) solani/Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) solaniglasshouse and potato aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants sucks sap of
is foodplant of Captivity Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis a glasshouse thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis/Heliothrips haemorrhoidalisa glasshouse thrips Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedfeeds on
is foodplant of Taeniothrips atratus Carnation Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Taeniothrips atratus/Taeniothrips atratuscarnation thrips Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants feeds on
is foodplant of superficial, clustered pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phoma glomerata a coelomycete Pleosporales Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phoma glomerata/Phoma glomerataa coelomycetesuperficial, clusteredpycnidiumPhoma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants superficial, clustered pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
is foodplant of pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phoma macrostoma a coelomycete Pleosporales Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phoma macrostoma/Phoma macrostomaa coelomycetepycnidiumPhoma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
is foodplant of pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phoma violacea Paint Measles Pleosporales Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phoma violacea/Phoma violaceapaint measlespycnidiumPhoma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
may be infected and damaged by Arabis Mosaic virus a phytopathogenic virus Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Arabis Mosaic virus/Arabis Mosaic virusa phytopathogenic virus Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants infects and damages
(dead, decayed) dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Typhula hollandii a minute club fungus Agaricales: Typhulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula hollandii/Typhula hollandiia minute club fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdead, decayeddebris fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed debris
(dead, decayed) dead, decayed litter is decayed by fruitbody Sistotrema subtrigonospermum a basidiomycete fungus Cantharellales: Hydnaceae New British Records 128: Sistotrema subtrigonospermum D. P. Rogers, Roberts, P., 1996
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Cantharellales/Hydnaceae/Sistotrema subtrigonospermum/Sistotrema subtrigonospermuma basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdead, decayedlitter fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed litter
(dead, decaying) dead, decaying debris is decayed by fruitbody Psathyrella spadiceogrisea Spring Brittlestem Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella spadiceogrisea/Psathyrella spadiceogriseaspring brittlestemfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdead, decayingdebris (Spring and Autumn)fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decaying debris
(dead) dead pollen grain is decayed by UK/Ireland Rhizophydium sphaerotheca a chytrid Rhizophydiales: Rhizophydiaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Chytridiomycota/Chytridiomycetes/Rhizophydiales/Rhizophydiaceae/Rhizophydium sphaerotheca/Rhizophydium sphaerothecaa chytrid Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdeadpollen grain is saprobic on dead pollen grain
(live, stunted, distorted) live, stunted, distorted has sap sucked by Brachycaudus helichrysi Leaf-curling Plum Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Brachycaudus (Brachycaudus) helichrysi/Brachycaudus (Brachycaudus) helichrysileaf-curling plum aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive, stunted, distorted sucks sap of live, stunted, distorted
(live) live may have Captivity Chaetanaphothrips orchidii a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Chaetanaphothrips orchidii/Chaetanaphothrips orchidiia thrips Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedmay be found on live
(live) live may have UK/IrelandCaptivity Hercinothrips bicinctus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Hercinothrips bicinctus/Hercinothrips bicinctusa thrips Plant / resting place / onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedmay be found on live
(live) live may have UK/IrelandCaptivity Hercinothrips femoralis a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Hercinothrips femoralis/Hercinothrips femoralisa thrips Plant / resting place / onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedmay be found on live
(live) live may have female Thrips tabaci Onion Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips tabaci/Thrips tabacionion thripsfemale Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive (1-12)female may be found on live
(live) live may have male Thrips tabaci Onion Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips tabaci/Thrips tabacionion thripsmale Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive (5-10)male may be found on live
(live) live may have larva Thrips tabaci Onion Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips tabaci/Thrips tabacionion thripslarva Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive (1-12)larva may be found on live
(live) live may be infected and damaged by Ditylenchus dipsaci Stem Eelworm, Stem and Bulb Eelworm Rhabditida: Anguinidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Secernentea/Rhabditida/Anguinidae/Ditylenchus dipsaci/Ditylenchus dipsacistem eelworm, stem and bulb eelworm Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantslive infects and damages live
(old, dead) old, dead debris is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Erythricium laetum a resupinate basidiomycete Corticiales: Corticiaceae A Mycologist’s Diary, Robinson, K., 2007
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Erythricium laetum/Erythricium laetuma resupinate basidiomycetefruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsold, deaddebris fruitbody is saprobic on old, dead debris
(rotten) rotten may house imago Euheptaulacus villosus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Euheptaulacus villosus/Euheptaulacus villosusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsrotten imago may be found in rotten
(rotten) rotten may house imago Heptaulacus testudinarius a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Heptaulacus testudinarius/Heptaulacus testudinariusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsrotten imago may be found in rotten
(submerged) submerged is decayed by apothecium Belonopsis guestphalicum a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Niptera Fr. versus Belonopsis Rehm, Dennis, R.W.G., 1972
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Belonopsis guestphalicum/Belonopsis guestphalicuma discomyceteapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantssubmerged apothecium is saprobic on submerged
anther anther is foodplant of adult Orsodacne cerasi a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Orsodacnidae/Orsodacne cerasi/Orsodacne cerasia leaf beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsanther (4-9)adult feeds on anther
bark bark of tree (young) is foodplant of imago Hylobius abietis Pine Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae The Assessment of Site Characteristics as Part of a Management Strategy to Reduce Damage by Hylobius, Heritage, S & Moore, R., 2001
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Hylobius abietis/Hylobius abietispine weevilimago Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsbarktree (young) imago feeds on bark of tree (young)
bases bases may house Aegialia arenaria a scarab beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Aegialia arenaria/Aegialia arenariaa scarab beetle Plant / resting place / among /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsbases may be found among bases
bases bases may house Rhyssemus germanus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Rhyssemus germanus/Rhyssemus germanusa dung beetle Plant / resting place / among /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsbases may be found among bases
corm corm may contain Blaniulus guttulatus Spotted Snake Millipede Julida: Blaniulidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Diplopoda/Julida/Blaniulidae/Blaniulus guttulatus/Blaniulus guttulatusspotted snake millipede Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantscorm feeds within corm
debris, compost (decomposing) decomposing debris, compost may contain larva Eupleurus subterraneus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Eupleurus subterraneus/Eupleurus subterraneusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris, compost larva feeds on decomposing debris, compost
debris (decaying) decaying debris may contain larva Musca domestica House-fly Diptera: Muscidae Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) Muscidae, Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Muscidae/Musca domestica/Musca domesticahouse-flylarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecayingdebris larva feeds on decaying debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Agrilinus ater a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Agrilinus ater/Agrilinus atera dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Agrilinus ater a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Agrilinus ater/Agrilinus atera dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found in decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Aphodius fimetarius a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Aphodius fimetarius/Aphodius fimetariusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Aphodius fimetarius a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Aphodius fimetarius/Aphodius fimetariusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / among /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found among decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Aphodius foetidus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Aphodius foetidus/Aphodius foetidusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Aphodius foetidus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Aphodius foetidus/Aphodius foetidusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / among /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found among decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Calamosternus granarius a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Calamosternus granarius/Calamosternus granariusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Calamosternus granarius a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Calamosternus granarius/Calamosternus granariusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found in decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Chilothorax distinctus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Chilothorax distinctus/Chilothorax distinctusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Chilothorax distinctus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Chilothorax distinctus/Chilothorax distinctusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / among /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found among decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Esymus pusillus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Esymus pusillus/Esymus pusillusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Esymus pusillus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Esymus pusillus/Esymus pusillusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found in decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Melinopterus prodromus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Melinopterus prodromus/Melinopterus prodromusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Melinopterus prodromus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Melinopterus prodromus/Melinopterus prodromusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found in decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may contain larva Melinopterus sphacelatus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Melinopterus sphacelatus/Melinopterus sphacelatusa dung beetlelarva Foodplant / debris feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva feeds on decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Melinopterus sphacelatus a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Melinopterus sphacelatus/Melinopterus sphacelatusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found in decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may shelter larva Plagiogonus arenarius a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Plagiogonus arenarius/Plagiogonus arenariusa dung beetlelarva Plant / resting place / under /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris larva may be found under decomposing debris
debris (decomposing) decomposing debris may house imago Plagiogonus arenarius a dung beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Plagiogonus arenarius/Plagiogonus arenariusa dung beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecomposingdebris imago may be found in decomposing debris
flower (pollen) flower (pollen) is visited for nectar and/or pollen by adult CHRYSOPIDAE green lacewings Neuroptera Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Neuroptera/Chrysopidae/Chrysopidaegreen lacewingsadult Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (pollen) adult visits for nectar and/or pollen flower (pollen)
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Leptura aurulenta Golden-haired Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Leptura aurulenta/Leptura aurulentagolden-haired longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (6-8)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by adult Leptura quadrifasciata Four-banded Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Leptura quadrifasciata/Leptura quadrifasciatafour-banded longhorn beetleadult Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (5-9)adult visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Alosterna tabacicolor Tobacco-coloured Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Alosterna tabacicolor/Alosterna tabacicolortobacco-coloured longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (4-8)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Anastrangalia sanguinolenta Blood-red Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Anastrangalia sanguinolenta/Anastrangalia sanguinolentablood-red longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (6-7)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Judolia sexmaculata Three-banded Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Judolia sexmaculata/Judolia sexmaculatathree-banded longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (6-8)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by adult Pachytodes cerambyciformis Speckled Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Pachytodes cerambyciformis/Pachytodes cerambyciformisspeckled longhorn beetleadult Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (6-8)adult visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Paracorymbia fulva Tawny Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Paracorymbia fulva/Paracorymbia fulvatawny longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (6-8)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Pseudovadonia livida Fairy-ring Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Pseudovadonia livida/Pseudovadonia lividafairy-ring longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (5-9)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Rutpela maculata Harlequin Longhorn, Black-and-yellow Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Rutpela maculata/Rutpela maculataharlequin longhorn, black-and-yellow longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (5-9)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Stenurella melanura Black-striped Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Stenurella melanura/Stenurella melanurablack-striped longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (5-9)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Stenurella nigra Small Black Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Stenurella nigra/Stenurella nigrasmall black longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (5-7)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Grammoptera abdominalis Black Grammoptera Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Grammoptera abdominalis/Grammoptera abdominalisblack grammopteraimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (end 4-8)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by Grammoptera ruficornis Common Grammoptera Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Grammoptera ruficornis/Grammoptera ruficorniscommon grammoptera Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (4-7)visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Grammoptera ustulata Burnt-tip Grammoptera Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Grammoptera ustulata/Grammoptera ustulataburnt-tip grammopteraimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (4-) early 6 (-8)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Stictoleptura rubra Red Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Stictoleptura rubra/Stictoleptura rubrared longhorn beetleimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower (5)7-8(9)imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago Restricted Drymeia hamata a muscid fly Diptera: Muscidae Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) Muscidae, Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Muscidae/Drymeia hamata/Drymeia hamataa muscid flyimago Foodplant / visitor /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflowerSole imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower flower is associate of imago TENTHREDINIDAE a family of sawflies Hymenoptera Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Tenthredinidaea family of sawfliesimago Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower imago is associated with flower
flower flower is foodplant of UK/Ireland Aeolothrips intermedius a thrips Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Aeolothripidae/Aeolothrips intermedius/Aeolothrips intermediusa thrips Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsflower feeds on flower
flower (live) live flower is foodplant of UK/Ireland Frankliniella intonsa a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Frankliniella intonsa/Frankliniella intonsaa thrips Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveflower feeds on live flower
flower (live) live flower is foodplant of male UK/Ireland Thrips atratus Carnation Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips atratus/Thrips atratuscarnation thripsmale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveflower (5-10)male feeds on live flower
flower (live) live flower is foodplant of female UK/Ireland Thrips atratus Carnation Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips atratus/Thrips atratuscarnation thripsfemale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveflower (1-11)female feeds on live flower
flower (live) live flower is foodplant of larva UK/Ireland Thrips atratus Carnation Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips atratus/Thrips atratuscarnation thripslarva Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveflower (5-10)larva feeds on live flower
fruit fruit may be infected and damaged by Rhizopus stolonifer a pin mould Mucorales: Rhizopodaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Fungi/Zygomycota/Zygomycetes/Mucorales/Rhizopodaceae/Rhizopus stolonifer/Rhizopus stolonifera pin mould Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsfruit infects and damages fruit
growth (young) (stunted, distorted, scarred) stunted, distorted, scarred growth (young) may be infected and damaged by Minor Aphelenchoides fragariae Leaf Eelworm Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Secernentea/Aphelenchida/Aphelenchoididae/Aphelenchoides fragariae/Aphelenchoides fragariaeleaf eelworm Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsstunted, distorted, scarredgrowth (young)Minor infects and damages stunted, distorted, scarred growth (young)
leaf-mine (end of) leaf-mine (end of) may house puparium Chromatomyia horticola a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia horticola/Chromatomyia horticolaa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsleaf-mine (end of) puparium may be found in leaf-mine (end of)
leaf leaf is foodplant of imago Hylobius abietis Pine Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Hylobius abietis/Hylobius abietispine weevilimago Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsleaf imago feeds on leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva UK/Ireland Orthochaetes insignis a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Orthochaetes insignis/Orthochaetes insignisa weevillarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Foreign Orthochaetes setiger a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Orthochaetes setiger/Orthochaetes setigera weevillarva Foodplant / minerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Chromatomyia horticola a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia horticola/Chromatomyia horticolaa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Minor Chromatomyia syngenesiae Chrysanthemum Leaf Miner Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia syngenesiae/Chromatomyia syngenesiaechrysanthemum leaf minerlarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsleafMinor larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by nocturnal larva Questionable Rhogogaster scalaris a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Rhogogaster scalaris/Rhogogaster scalarisa sawflynocturnallarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants?leaf nocturnal larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by nocturnal larva Questionable Tenthredo mesomela a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Tenthredo mesomela/Tenthredo mesomelaa sawflynocturnallarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plants?leaf nocturnal larva grazes on leaf
leaf (crumpled, distorted) crumpled, distorted leaf may be infected and damaged by Minor Aphelenchoides fragariae Leaf Eelworm Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Secernentea/Aphelenchida/Aphelenchoididae/Aphelenchoides fragariae/Aphelenchoides fragariaeleaf eelworm Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantscrumpled, distortedleafMinor infects and damages crumpled, distorted leaf
leaf (dead, decayed) dead, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Aphanobasidium paludicola a resupinate fungus Agaricales: Pterulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pterulaceae/Aphanobasidium paludicola/Aphanobasidium paludicolaa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdead, decayedleaf fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Physalacria stilboidea a chanterelle Agaricales: Physalacriaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Physalacria stilboidea/Physalacria stilboideaa chanterellefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdead, fallen, decayedleaf fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is associate of fruitbody Cryptomarasmius corbariensis a parachute Agaricales: Physalacriaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Cryptomarasmius corbariensis/Cryptomarasmius corbariensisa parachutefruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdead, fallenleaf fruitbody is associated with dead, fallen leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by web-dwelling mainly hypophyllous, colonial Captivity Tetranychus cinnabarinus Carmine Spider Mite Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Tetranychidae/Tetranychus cinnabarinus/Tetranychus cinnabarinuscarmine spider mitemainly hypophyllous, colonial Foodplant / web feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveleaf Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedmainly hypophyllous, colonial feeds from web on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by web-dwelling mainly hypophyllous, colonial Captivity Tetranychus urticae Twospotted Spider Mite, Red Spider Mite Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Tetranychidae/Tetranychus urticae/Tetranychus urticaetwospotted spider mite, red spider mitemainly hypophyllous, colonial Foodplant / web feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveleaf Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedmainly hypophyllous, colonial feeds from web on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has sap sucked by Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae Water-lily Aphid, Water Lily Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae/Rhopalosiphum nymphaeaewater-lily aphid, water lily aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveleaf (summer)sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (wet, decayed, among Sphagnum) wet, decayed, among Sphagnum leaf is associate of apothecium Pezoloma iodocyanescens a discomycete Helotiales: Lachnaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Lachnaceae/Pezoloma iodocyanescens/Pezoloma iodocyanescensa discomyceteapothecium Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantswet, decayed, among Sphagnumleaf apothecium is associated with wet, decayed, among Sphagnum leaf
leaves (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed leaves is decayed by fruitbody Psathyrella noli-tangere a brittlestem Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella noli-tangere/Psathyrella noli-tangerea brittlestemfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdead, fallen, decayedleaves fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed leaves
litter (decaying) decaying litter is decayed by erumpent to superficial perithecium Scopinella solani an ascomycete fungus Hypocreales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Scopinella solani/Scopinella solanian ascomycete funguserumpent to superficialperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdecayinglitter (12-8)erumpent to superficial perithecium is saprobic on decaying litter
petal petal is foodplant of UK/IrelandCaptivity Frankliniella occidentalis Western Flower Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Frankliniella occidentalis/Frankliniella occidentaliswestern flower thrips Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspetal Indoors, in greenhouse, captivity, culture or experimentally inducedfeeds on petal
pollen? pollen? is foodplant of adult Bruchus rufimanus Bean Beetle, Bean Seed Beetle, Spanish Bean Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Bruchus rufimanus/Bruchus rufimanusbean beetle, bean seed beetle, Spanish bean beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen? (5-6(-8)adult feeds on pollen?
pollen? pollen? is foodplant of adult Bruchus rufipes a seed beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Bruchus rufipes/Bruchus rufipesa seed beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen? (late 3-)5-6(-11)adult feeds on pollen?
pollen pollen is foodplant of adult Bruchidius olivaceus a seed beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Bruchidius olivaceus/Bruchidius olivaceusa seed beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (6-9)adult feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of adult Orsodacne cerasi a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Orsodacnidae/Orsodacne cerasi/Orsodacne cerasia leaf beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (4-9)adult feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of male UK/Ireland Thrips flavus Yellow Flower-thrips, Honeysuckle Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips flavus/Thrips flavusyellow flower-thrips, honeysuckle thripsmale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (6-10)male feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of female UK/Ireland Thrips flavus Yellow Flower-thrips, Honeysuckle Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips flavus/Thrips flavusyellow flower-thrips, honeysuckle thripsfemale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (3-10)female feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of larva UK/Ireland Thrips flavus Yellow Flower-thrips, Honeysuckle Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips flavus/Thrips flavusyellow flower-thrips, honeysuckle thripslarva Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (7-9)larva feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of female UK/Ireland Thrips fuscipennis Rose Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips fuscipennis/Thrips fuscipennisrose thripsfemale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (1-12)female feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of male UK/Ireland Thrips fuscipennis Rose Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips fuscipennis/Thrips fuscipennisrose thripsmale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (5-8)male feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of larva UK/Ireland Thrips fuscipennis Rose Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips fuscipennis/Thrips fuscipennisrose thripslarva Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (5-8)larva feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of male UK/Ireland Thrips major Rubus Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips major/Thrips majorrubus thripsmale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (5-9)male feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of female UK/Ireland Thrips major Rubus Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips major/Thrips majorrubus thripsfemale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (4-9,12)female feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of larva UK/Ireland Thrips major Rubus Thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips major/Thrips majorrubus thripslarva Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (5-9)larva feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of female UK/Ireland Thrips vulgatissimus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips vulgatissimus/Thrips vulgatissimusa thripsfemale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (1-12)female feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of male UK/Ireland Thrips vulgatissimus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips vulgatissimus/Thrips vulgatissimusa thripsmale Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (5-8)male feeds on pollen
pollen pollen is foodplant of larva UK/Ireland Thrips vulgatissimus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thrips, Kirk, W.D.J., 1996
Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Thrips vulgatissimus/Thrips vulgatissimusa thripslarva Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantspollen (5-9)larva feeds on pollen
refuse refuse may house imago Oxyomus sylvestris a scarab beetle Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Scarabaeidae/Oxyomus sylvestris/Oxyomus sylvestrisa scarab beetleimago Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsrefuse imago may be found in refuse
root root is grazed by subterranean larva Otiorhynchus sulcatus Vine Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Otiorhynchus sulcatus/Otiorhynchus sulcatusvine weevilsubterraneanlarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsroot subterranean larva grazes on root
root root is grazed by Longidorus needle eelworms Dorylaimida: Longidoridae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Adenophorea/Dorylaimida/Longidoridae/Longidorus/Longidorusneedle eelworms Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsroot grazes on root
root root is grazed by Xiphinema dagger eelworms Dorylaimida: Xiphinematidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Adenophorea/Dorylaimida/Xiphinematidae/Xiphinema/Xiphinemadagger eelworms Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsroot grazes on root
root root is grazed by Trichodorus stubby-root eelworms Triplonchida: Trichodoridae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Adenophorea/Triplonchida/Trichodoridae/Trichodorus/Trichodorusstubby-root eelworms Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsroot grazes on root
root root is galled by Minor Meloidogyne root-knot eelworms Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Secernentea/Tylenchida/Meloidogynidae/Meloidogyne/Meloidogyneroot-knot eelworms Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsrootMinor causes gall of root
root root may be infected and damaged by Minor Pratylenchus root-lesion eelworms Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Nematoda/Secernentea/Tylenchida/Pratylenchidae/Pratylenchus/Pratylenchusroot-lesion eelworms Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsrootMinor infects and damages root
root root may be infected and damaged by Dematophora anamorph UK/Ireland Dematophora necatrix an anamorphic fungus Xylariales: Xylariaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Dematophora necatrix/Dematophora necatrixan anamorphic fungusDematophora anamorph Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsroot Dematophora anamorph infects and damages root
root root is decayed by Helicobasidium longisporum a pucciniomycete Helicobasidiales: Helicobasidiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Helicobasidiales/Helicobasidiaceae/Helicobasidium longisporum/Helicobasidium longisporuma pucciniomycete Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsroot is saprobic on root
root (live) live root is parasitised by Olpidiaster brassicae a chytridiomycete fungus Olpidiales: Olpidiaceae Introduction to Fungi, Webster, J., 1980
/Fungi/Chytridiomycota/Chytridiomycetes/Olpidiales/Olpidiaceae/Olpidiaster brassicae/Olpidiaster brassicaea chytridiomycete fungus Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsliveroot parasitises live root
stem stem may house hibernating prepupa Ametastegia tenera a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Ametastegia tenera/Ametastegia teneraa sawflyprepupa Plant / hibernates / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsstem prepupa hibernates inside stem
stem (hollow) hollow stem may house hibernating larva Ametastegia glabrata a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Ametastegia glabrata/Ametastegia glabrataa sawflylarva Plant / hibernates / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantshollowstem larva hibernates inside hollow stem
stem (hollow) hollow stem may house hibernating prepupa? Ametastegia glabrata a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Ametastegia glabrata/Ametastegia glabrataa sawflyprepupa? Plant / hibernates / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantshollowstem prepupa? hibernates inside hollow stem
stick (dead) dead stick is decayed by fruitbody Coprinellus subdisseminatus an inkcap Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Coprinellus subdisseminatus/Coprinellus subdisseminatusan inkcapfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantsdeadstick fruitbody is saprobic on dead stick
tuber tuber may contain Blaniulus guttulatus Spotted Snake Millipede Julida: Blaniulidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Diplopoda/Julida/Blaniulidae/Blaniulus guttulatus/Blaniulus guttulatusspotted snake millipede Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantstuber feeds within tuber
wood (soft) soft wood may house hibernating larva Ametastegia glabrata a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Ametastegia glabrata/Ametastegia glabrataa sawflylarva Plant / hibernates / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantssoftwood larva hibernates inside soft wood
wood (soft) soft wood may house hibernating prepupa? Ametastegia glabrata a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Ametastegia glabrata/Ametastegia glabrataa sawflyprepupa? Plant / hibernates / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantssoftwood prepupa? hibernates inside soft wood
wood (soft) soft wood may house hibernating prepupa Ametastegia tenera a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Ametastegia tenera/Ametastegia teneraa sawflyprepupa Plant / hibernates / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Magnoliopsidaflowering plantssoftwood prepupa hibernates inside soft wood

Author & YearTitleSource
Benson, R.B., 1952Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G., 1972Niptera Fr. versus Belonopsis RehmKew Bulletin vol 26 (3): 439-443.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1British Wildlife Vol 18, No 6: 406-414.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 246pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) MuscidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 4(b), 119pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Heritage, S & Moore, R., 2001The Assessment of Site Characteristics as Part of a Management Strategy to Reduce Damage by HylobiusForestry Commission Information Notes, 38, 6pp, Forestry Commission
Jessop, L., 1986Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 11, New edition, 53pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Kirk, W.D.J., 1996ThripsNaturalists' Handbooks, 25, 70pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989LadybirdsNaturalists’ Handbooks, 10, 103pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Morris, M.G., 2002True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to SmicronychinaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976ThysanopteraHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Roberts, P., 1996New British Records 128: Sistotrema subtrigonospermum D. P. RogersMycologist Vol 10 (2): 50.
Robinson, K., 2007A Mycologist’s DiaryField Mycology Vol 8 (4): 134-138.
Rotheray, G.E., 1989Aphid PredatorsNaturalists' Handbooks, 11, 77pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Webster, J., 1980Introduction to FungiSecond edition, 669pp, Cambridge University Press

MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
interactions
No of
references
Order 2 subtaxa 6 trophisms 2 references
Family 2 subtaxa 6 trophisms 2 references
Order 44 subtaxa 172 trophisms 53 references
Order 5 subtaxa 17 trophisms 2 references
Order 151 subtaxa 907 trophisms 91 references
Order 1 subtaxa 1 references
Family 1 subtaxa 1 references
Order 2 subtaxa 10 trophisms
Subclass 2,236 subtaxa 31,615 trophisms 757 references
Order 21 subtaxa 131 trophisms 6 references
Subclass 1 references
Order 294 subtaxa 5,066 trophisms 175 references
Subclass 21 subtaxa 155 trophisms 11 references
Order 2 subtaxa 4 trophisms 1 references
Informal 20 subtaxa 304 trophisms 3 references
Informal 27 subtaxa 96 trophisms 12 references
Informal 279 subtaxa 3,184 trophisms 66 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Anon. Irish Wildflowers www.irishwildflowers.ie/
Anon. Wild Flowers of the British Isles www.ukwildflowers.com/
Anon. British Wild Flowers www.british-wild-flowers.co.uk/
Crawley, M. 2005 The Flora of Berkshire 1375pp, Brambleby Books
Crellin, J. Floral Images www.floralimages.co.uk
Darlington, R.W. Wild Flower Finder wildflowerfinder.org.uk/
Fisher, J. 1991 A Colour Guide to Rare Wild Flowers 363pp, Constable
in the field Garrard I. & Streeter D.T. 1998 The Wild Flowers of the British Isles 2 edition, 328pp, Midsummer Books
Groom, Q. Find Wild Flowers www.botanicalkeys.co.uk/flora/
in the field () Hayward, J. 1995 A New Key to Wild Flowers AIDGAP, Revised Edition edition, 278pp, Cambridge University Press
King, A. 1957 *** The Observer’s Book of Garden Flowers ***(Superseded) Observer's Books, No 25, 239pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Llewellyn, P. Wild Plants of the British Isles www.ukwildflowers.com
() Poland, J. & Clement, E. 2009 The Vegetative Key to the British Flora 526pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
in the field () Rose, F. & O’Reilly, C. 2006 The Wild Flower Key - How to identify wild flowers, trees and shrubs in Britain and Ireland New revised and expanded edition edition, 480pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
in the field () Rose, F. 1981 *** The Wild Flower Key - British Isles - N.W. Europe ***(Superseded) 480pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
() Stace, C. 2019 New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 4) Third edition edition, 1266pp, Cambridge University Press
() Stace, C. 2010 *** New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 3) ***(Superseded) Third edition edition, 1232pp, Cambridge University Press
() Stace, C. 1997 *** New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2) ***(Superseded) Second edition edition, 1130pp, Cambridge University Press
Stokoe, W.J. *** The Observer’s Book of Wild Flowers ***(Superseded) Observer's Books, No 2, 224pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Stridvall, L. & A. Leif & Anita Stridvall’s Botanical Site www.stridvall.se/la/index.php
Wuilbaut, J.J. Cercle de Mycologie de Mons (Belgique): (Page perso de JJ. Wuilbaut) users.skynet.be/jjw.myco.mons

Arable Plants

Francis, S.A. 2009 British Field Crops: a pocket guide to the identification, history and uses of arable crops in Great Britain 2nd edition, 104pp
Wilson, P. & King, M. 2003 Arable Plants - a Field Guide 312pp, WILDGuides

Drawings

Fitch, W.H., Smith, W.G., et al 1924 *** Illustrations of the British flora ***(Superseded) 5th edition, 338pp, L. Reeve & Co. Ltd
Ross-Craig, S. 1948 Drawings of British Plants being Illustrations of the Species of Flowering Plants Growing naturally in the British Isles G. Bell & Sons

Garden Plants

Univerität Karlsruhe (TH) Univerität Karlsruhe (TH) Botanischer Garten www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de/%7EBotanischer-Garten/Fotoarchiv/BG-Foto-Archiv/html

Littoral/Strandline/Exotics

Nelson, E.C. 2000 Sea Beans & Nickar Nuts BSBI Handbooks, No. 10, 156pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)
() Trewella, S. & Hatcher, J. 2015 The Essential Guide to Beachcombing and the Strandline 304pp, Wild Nature Press

Pollen

Anon. Atlas Hymenoptera - pollens zoologie.umh.ac.be/hymenoptera/galerie/exploredb.aspx?parent=50
Sawyer, R. 1981 Pollen Identification for Beekeepers Cardiff Academic Press

Techniques

() Bebbington, A. & J. 1996 Describing Flowers

MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Darwin, C. The Different forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species
Presland, J. 2005 Racemose or cymose? - That’s the question BSBI News No 100: 19-21.

Aliens

Hill, M. et al 2005 Audit of non-native species in England Research Reports EN Report no 662.
Morrien, E. et al 2010 Climate change and invasion by intracontinental range-expanding exotic plants: the role of biotic interactions Ann Bot Vol 105: 843-848.

Aquatic Plants

Preston, C.D. & Croft, J.M. 1997 Aquatic plants in Britain and Ireland 365pp, Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland (BSBI)

Classic Literature

Cole, R.V. 1920 The artistic anatomy of trees The New Art Library, 2nd edition, 347pp, Seeley, Service & Co. Limited, London
Lubbock, J. 1899 On buds and stipules International Scientific Series, Vol 86, 239pp, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co.
Lubbock, J. 1892 A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings (vol 1) Vol 1, 608pp, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co.
Lubbock, J. 1892 A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings (vol 2) Vol 2, 646pp, D. Appleton and Company, New York
Lubbock, J. 1888 Flowers, fruits and leaves Nature Series, 147pp, Macmillan

Code

Brickell, C.D. et al. (eds) 2009 International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants Scripta Horticulturae No 10.

Cytology

Sanders, H. & Pelissie, B. 2021 Polyploidy and pollen grain size: is there a correlation? Graduate Review Vol 1 (1): 152-161.

Ecology

Hopkins, J. 2003 Some aspects of geology and the British Flora British Wildlife Vol 14, No. 3: 180-185.

Journals/Plant Pathology

FERA PRAs for consultation on pest risk management Published for/by:FERA

Mycorrhiza

Mycorrhizal Applications, Inc. Mycorrhizal Status of Plant Families and Genera

Nature Conservation

Everett, S. 2007 British wild plants for wildlife schemes British Wildlife Vol 18 (3): 161-168.
Fitzgerald, R. & Wyse Jackson, M. 2005 Telling the wood from the trees in Killarney British Wildlife Vol 17, No 2: 83-92.
Pearman, D. & Walker, K. 2004 Comment: Rare plant introductions in the UK: creative conservation or wildflower gardening? British Wildlife Vol 15, No. 3: 174-182.

Plant Pathology

Anon. Crop Monitor www.cropmonitor.co.uk/
Anon. Netherlands Plant Protection Service - pest reports www.vwa.nl/onderwerpen/english/dossier/pest-reporting/pest-reports
Alford, D.V. 2011 Plant Pests HarperCollins
Fletcher, H.J. 1976 Some interesting pathogens of natural vegetation Vol 10 (1)
Jeppson, L.R., Kiefer, H.H. & Baker, E.W. 1975 Mites injurious to economic plants 614pp, University of California Press

Plant Pathology/Viruses

Brunt, A. et al Plant Viruses Online image.fs.uidaho.edu/vide/refs.htm
Rothamstead Research Electron Micrographs of Plant Viruses www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/ppi/links/pplinks/virusems/

Pollen

Storey, M.W. 2010 Examining and Identifying Pollen .

Pollination

Balfour, N., Castellanos, M.C., Johnson, C., Goulson, D. & Philippides, A. Database of Pollinator Interactions (DoPI) www.dopi.org.uk/

Regional Studies

Cooper, E.A. & Proctor, M.C.F. 1998 Malham Tarn National Nature Reserve: The Vegetation of Malham Tarn Moss and Fens Field Studies 9: 277-312.
Greenwood, E.F. 2005 Changing Flora of the Lancaster Canal in West Lancashire (v.c. 60) Watsonia Vol 25: 231-253.
Proctor, M.C.F. 1974 The Vegetation of Malham Tarn Fens Field Studies 4: 1-38.

Societies

Anon. British Association of Nature Conservationists www.banc.org.uk

Uk Ngo’s

Anon. BTCV - British Trust for Conservation Volunteers www2.btcv.org.uk/

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 21,140 images of MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)

Examining and Identifying Pollen

The following account describes a simple technique for collecting pollen from flowers and preparing it for microscopic examination. It is based on Appendix D of White, 1999.

Materials:

  • • Glycerine Jelly
  • • Safranin in cellosolve [poisonous - do not swallow]
  • • Alcohol: preferably isopropanol (=isopropyl alcohol)
  • • Water

Only small bottles of the above chemicals are required.

The alcohol is used to de-wax the pollen. Isopropanol is preferred to ethanol (ethyl alcohol) as the latter is said to cause permanent contraction of the cytoplasm. Ether (diethyl ether) is even better but highly flammable and evaporates so readily that it’s difficult to use and store; it’s also much harder to obtain.

  • • Laundry marker for labelling slides and pipettes
  • • Clean glass microscope slides (say 10)
  • • Coverslips
  • • A slide box to hold the slides vertically, so that the surfaces do not touch.
  • • A few disposable plastic pipettes.

Obviously you’ll need a compound ("slide") microscope, ideally with a x100 oil-immersion objective. A dissection microscope is also useful to check the progress of staining but has insufficient magnification to identify pollen.

Disposable pipettes cost a few pence each. If you plan to reuse them, label with the reagent used - a laundry marker is ideal. If used carefully to avoid contamination they last for years.

Preparation:

The first thing is to prepare the slides for collecting pollen. We’ll prepare glycerine jelly smears which are used to capture a thin layer of pollen.

Glycerine jelly smears with pollen on all look the same, so label the slides before you start! Either stick on a blank slide label or write a number in the top left corner with the laundry pen. The other reason for labelling is that it is quite difficult to see which side of the slide the smear is on, and only too easy to smear the pollen on the wrong side - it is very annoying to watch all your pollen wash away as soon as you start the prep.! Put the labelled slides in the box.

Warm the glycerine jelly by placing the bottle in a bath of hot water. (An old single portion beans can with the lid cut off is ideal.) When the jelly has melted, dip in a clean fingertip and make a large smear on a clean slide. Give it a few minutes to set, then wash and dry your finger and transfer a smear from this smear to the other slides (a smear from a smear). I do two fingerprint-sized smears on each slide, to give me two chances.

The master slide is reusable for another batch of smears so put that in the box too.

The smears will remain tacky for two to three weeks, depending on temperature, but they will last a whole summer if the box of slides is stored in a re-sealable polythene bag in the fridge.

Collection of pollen from flowers:

Collection of pollen is as simple as touching the anthers a few times against the smear. For many flowers this can be done in the field, although it may be necessary to remove a few petals. A pair of fine forceps is useful for this and for very small flowers which can be plucked and touched against the smear. Don’t worry about getting too much pollen; unless the smear is very thick, only a monolayer will stick.

Sampling of pollen from insects:

You could use the same technique to sample pollen load — even from the living insect, although the sample would be biased towards the pollen most recently collected. Or you could manually transfer the pollen onto the slide. A mounted needle dipped in glycerine jelly would even enable you to sample the pollen from specific hairs (taking care not to contaminate your glycerine jelly).

Pollen may be extracted from honey by diluting in warm water, then filtering. A similar technique would give an unbiased sample from pollen load. It may help to first wet it with a little alcohol.

Examining the pollen:

It’s useful to have some 2" squares of paper tissue to hand (paper tissue cut into squares is fine, paper serviettes are better, loo paper is too dusty) to soak up fluids, wipe spills etc. You’ll also need a receptacle for waste tissue and to catch the washings; an old margarine carton is fine. Lab coat or old clothes are also recommended and you may want to protect the carpet.

With a fine pipette, drip a few drops of isopropyl alcohol onto the smear and let them run off. Make sure the whole smear is wetted. This only takes a few moments and dewaxes the pollen. (This is when you find out if you put the pollen on the wrong side of the slide!) Soak up the excess with paper tissue, taking care not to touch the smear itself.

Using a glass or smooth metal rod or fine pipette, add a drop of Safranin in cellosolve/alcohol. It will initially form a discrete drop, but this will soon creep over the smear. Tilt the slide to help it run in the right direction. Leave for a few seconds then gently wash off with a few drips of water. Again, soak up the excess with paper tissue. Check the pollen under a dissection microscope: it need only be slightly coloured - enough to see it. Add another droplet of stain if necessary and repat. Don’t overstain as this obscures detail. Some pollens (eg umbellifers, pink family) stain more easily than others (eg borage family).

When sufficiently stained, gently lower a coverslip onto your prep. and examine immediately. Don’t let the pollen dry out. The x10 objective is usually appropriate for gross structure, with x40 for surface detail; only the very smallest pollens (forget-me-nots!) require oil-immersion (x100). A green filter often makes the red-stained details stand out better, especially for photography. Try to avoid sliding the coverslip or crashing into it with the objective as this may cause the grains to clump or burst.

"Glycerine Jelly for Pollen" contains basic fuchsin instead of safranin but gives similar results.

White, 1999, describes how to prepare permanent mounts using aqueous mountant or glycerine jelly.

Sawyer, 1981, and the related CD enable identification of pollens from most common flowers.

A word of warning: safranin, like most microscopical stains, will stain most things it comes into contact with including fingers, worksurfaces and sinks. Glazed or stainless steel should be OK, but modern polymer or geological materials could be permanently marked.

Finally, pollen is the most efficient contaminant known to science! Work clean. Keep slide boxes and chemical bottles closed when not in use. Wash slides and coverslips thoroughly before re-use.

Acknowledgments:

Thanks to David Rennison for helpful advice and discussions.

References:

  • • Sawyer, R., 1981, Pollen Identification for Beekeepers, Cardiff Academic Press, ISBN 0 906449 29 4

(There is also an illustrated CD related to this. Both are available from Northern Bee Books)

  • • White, J., 1999, Pollen, its Collection and Preparation for the Microscope, NBS (available from Brunel Microscopes.)

Suppliers:

  • • Brunel Microscopes, http://www.brunelmicroscopes.co.uk/
  • • Northern Bee Books, http://www.beedata.com/beebooks.htm

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