COCCOIDEA
(scale insects, coccids)

Interactions where COCCOIDEA is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is predated by Questionable Anatis ocellata Eyed Ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Anatis ocellata/Anatis ocellataeyed ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids? is predator of
is predated by Questionable Aphidecta obliterata Larch Ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Aphidecta obliterata/Aphidecta obliteratalarch ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids? is predator of
is predated by Questionable Exochomus quadripustulatus Pine Ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Exochomus quadripustulatus/Exochomus quadripustulatuspine ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids? is predator of
is predated by Questionable Myzia oblongoguttata Striped Ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Myzia oblongoguttata/Myzia oblongoguttatastriped ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids? is predator of
is predated by Questionable Nephus quadrimaculatus a ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Nephus quadrimaculatus/Nephus quadrimaculatusa ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids? is predator of
is predated by Questionable Scymnus nigrinus a ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Scymnus nigrinus/Scymnus nigrinusa ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids? is predator of
is predated by Questionable Scymnus suturalis a ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Scymnus suturalis/Scymnus suturalisa ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids? is predator of
is predated by larva Anthribus nebulosus a fungus weevil Coleoptera: Anthribidae Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Anthribidae/Anthribus nebulosus/Anthribus nebulosusa fungus weevillarva Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids larva is predator of
may be a slave of FORMICIDAE ants Hymenoptera Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Formicidae/Formicidaeants Animal / slave maker /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccids makes a slave of
colony is parasitised by stroma Myriangium duriaei an ascomycete Myriangiales: Myriangiaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Myriangiales/Myriangiaceae/Myriangium duriaei/Myriangium duriaeian ascomycetestroma Animal / parasite /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccidscolony stroma parasitises colony
is parasitised by Restricted Cosmospora flammea a lichenicolous fungus Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Nectria flammea (Tulasne) Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 79: 189, 1951, Booth, C., 1972
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Cosmospora flammea/Cosmospora flammeaa lichenicolous fungus Animal / parasite /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccidsSole parasitises
(completely enveloped) completely enveloped imago is parasitoid host of gregarious, subiculate stroma UK/Ireland Cordyceps clavulata Bug Sputnik Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae British Ascomycetes, Dennis, R.W.G., 1978
Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Cordycipitaceae/Cordyceps clavulata/Cordyceps clavulatabug sputnikgregarious, subiculatestroma Animal / parasitoidUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccidscompletely envelopedimago gregarious, subiculate stroma is parasitoid of completely enveloped imago
(hedges and trees inhabiting) hedges and trees inhabiting is predated by larva Anthribus fasciatus a fungus weevil Coleoptera: Anthribidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Anthribidae/Anthribus fasciatus/Anthribus fasciatusa fungus weevillarva Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccidshedges and trees inhabiting larva is predator of hedges and trees inhabiting
(live) live may be infected by Neozygites lecanii an entomophagous fungus Entomophthorales: Neozygitaceae Key to the Species of Entomophthora sensu lato, Waterhouse, G.M. & Brady, B.L., 1982
 /Fungi/Zygomycota/Zygomycetes/Entomophthorales/Neozygitaceae/Neozygites lecanii/Neozygites lecaniian entomophagous fungus Animal / pathogen /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccidslive infects live
(Willow (Salix) inhabiting) Willow (Salix) inhabiting is predated by Chilocorus renipustulatus Kidney-spot Ladybird Coleoptera: Coccinellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Chilocorus renipustulatus/Chilocorus renipustulatuskidney-spot ladybird Animal / predator /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccoidea/Coccoideascale insects, coccidsWillow (Salix) inhabiting is predator of Willow (Salix) inhabiting

Author & YearTitleSource
Booth, C., 1972Nectria flammea (Tulasne) Dingley, Trans. Roy. Soc. N.Z. 79: 189, 1951I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 715.
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Dennis, R.W.G., 1978British AscomycetesRevised and enlarged edition, 585pp, J. Cramer
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Morris, M.G., 1990Orthocerous WeevilsHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5 Part 16, 108pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Waterhouse, G.M. & Brady, B.L., 1982Key to the Species of Entomophthora sensu latoBull. Br. mycol Soc. 16, 113-143, 1982 Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. 16 (2): 113-143.

COCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

COCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Aondia lauri
(Bay Scale)
Species 1 trophisms 1 references
ASTEROLECANIIDAE
pit scales
Family 4 subtaxa 5 trophisms 1 references
Aulacaspis rosae
Scurfy Scale, Rose Scale
Species 2 trophisms
Aulacaspis yasumatsui
(Cycad Scale)
Species 2 trophisms 1 references
Ceroplastes floridensis
(Forida Wax Scale)
Species 1 references
COCCIDAE
soft scales
Family 19 subtaxa 241 trophisms 14 references
DIASPIDIDAE
armoured scales
Family 5 subtaxa 44 trophisms 3 references
ERIOCOCCIDAE
felt scales
Family 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 3 references
MONOPLEBIDAE
giant scales
Family 1 subtaxa 8 trophisms 2 references
ORTHEZIIDAE
ensign scales
Family 1 subtaxa 1 references
PSEUDOCOCCIDAE
mealybugs
Family 6 subtaxa 71 trophisms 4 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
SuperfamilyCOCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids)
SuborderSTERNORRHYNCHA (a suborder of bugs)
OrderHEMIPTERA (bugs)
Division Exopterygota (earwigs, grasshoppers, stoneflies, true bugs, and other insects with wings developing externally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Malumphy, C. Bedfordshire Scale Insects www.bnhs.co.uk/focuson/scales/html/index.htm

Families

() Malumphy, C. 2015 Detection and identification of scale insects families (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=13215_06Appendix5Detectionandidentificationofscaleinsectfamilies.pdf

Ferns

() Malumphy, C. 2012 Scale insect pests of ornamental ferns grown indoors in Britain The Pteridologist Vol 5(5): 306-311.

COCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
O’Connor, J.P., Gertsson, C-A. & Malumphy, C. 2013 A review of the Irish scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) Irish Nat. J. Vol 32 (1): 32-44.

Regional/Bedfordshire

Malumphy, C. 2010 Scale insects and whiteflies (Hemiptera: Coccoidea, Aleyrodidae) of Bedfordshire Br. J. Ent. Nat. Hist. 23: 243-257.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to COCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 67 images of COCCOIDEA (scale insects, coccids)
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