Euphranta toxoneura (Loew, 1846)
(Willow Sawfly Tephritid)

Interactions where Euphranta toxoneura is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
larva		larva kleptoparasitises gall (first generation)			Euura bridgmanii	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / kleptoparasite		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura bridgmanii/	Euura bridgmanii	a sawfly				gall (first generation)
larva		larva is predator of larva			Euura bridgmanii	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / predator		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura bridgmanii/	Euura bridgmanii	a sawfly				larva
larva		larva kleptoparasitises gall (first generation)			Euura pedunculi	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / kleptoparasite		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura pedunculi/	Euura pedunculi	a sawfly				gall (first generation)
larva		larva is predator of larva			Euura pedunculi	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / predator		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura pedunculi/	Euura pedunculi	a sawfly				larva
larva		larva kleptoparasitises gall (first generation)			Euura proxima	Willow Bean-gall Sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / kleptoparasite		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura proxima/	Euura proxima	willow bean-gall sawfly				gall (first generation)	Major
larva		larva is predator of larva			Euura proxima	Willow Bean-gall Sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / predator		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura proxima/	Euura proxima	willow bean-gall sawfly				larva	Major
larva		larva kleptoparasitises gall (first generation)			Pontania	a genus of sawflies	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / kleptoparasite		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pontania/	Pontania	a genus of sawflies				gall (first generation)	Sole
larva		larva is predator of larva			Pontania	a genus of sawflies	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid				larva	Animal / predator		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pontania/	Pontania	a genus of sawflies				larva	Sole
		is associated with Pontania-galled leaf			Salix alba	White Willow	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid					Plant / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix alba/	Salix alba	white willow		Pontania-galled	leaf
		is associated with Pontania-galled leaf			Salix caprea	Goat Willow, Sallow	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid					Plant / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix caprea/	Salix caprea	goat willow, sallow		Pontania-galled	leaf
		is associated with Pontania-galled leaf			Salix cinerea	Grey Willow, Common Sallow	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid					Plant / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix cinerea/	Salix cinerea	grey willow, common sallow		Pontania-galled	leaf
		is associated with Pontania-galled leaf			Salix euxina x alba = S. x fragilis	hybrid crack-willow	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988 Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland, Wilkinson, G., 2015	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Euphranta toxoneura/	Euphranta toxoneura	willow sawfly tephritid					Plant / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix euxina x alba = S. x fragilis/	Salix euxina x alba = S. x fragilis	hybrid crack-willow		Pontania-galled	leaf		Major

Author & Year	Title	Source
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Wilkinson, G., 2015	Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland	Dipterists Digest (2nd Series) Vol 22: 143-144.

Euphranta toxoneura (Willow Sawfly Tephritid) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

Euphranta toxoneura (Willow Sawfly Tephritid) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Euphranta toxoneura (Willow Sawfly Tephritid)
Family	TEPHRITIDAE (gall-flies, greater fruit flies)
Superfamily	TEPHRITOIDEA (lance and picture-wing flies)
Infraorder	Schizophora - Acalyptratae (an infraorder of flies)
Order	DIPTERA (two-winged flies)
Division	Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
Infraclass	Neoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
Subclass	PTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
Class	INSECTA (true insects)
Subphylum	HEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
Phylum	ARTHROPODA (arthropods)
Superphylum	ECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
Clade	Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
Subkingdom	EUMETAZOA (metazoans)
Kingdom	ANIMALIA (animals)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Euphranta toxoneura is also a member of:
Invertebrates - Invertebrates (via Arthropoda)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Euphranta toxoneura (Willow Sawfly Tephritid)

Euphranta toxoneura (Willow Sawfly Tephritid) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

TEPHRITIDAE
(gall-flies, greater fruit flies)

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Wilkinson, G.	2015	Euphrantia toxoneura (Loew) (Diptera, Tephritidae) new to Scotland	Dipterists Digest (2nd Series) Vol 22: 143-144.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Euphranta toxoneura (Willow Sawfly Tephritid):

TEPHRITIDAE
(gall-flies, greater fruit flies)

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

PTERYGOTA
(bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

EUMETAZOA
(metazoans)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

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