Hydrocotyle L.
(pennyworts)

Interactions where Hydrocotyle is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
leaf (live) live leaf is mined by larva UK/Ireland Liriomyza strigata a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Liriomyza strigata/Liriomyza strigataa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Apiales/Araliaceae/Hydrocotyle/Hydrocotylepennywortsliveleaf larva mines live leaf

Author & YearTitleSource
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Hydrocotyle (pennyworts) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides
Floating Pennywort
Species 1 references
Hydrocotyle vulgaris
Marsh Pennywort
Species 4 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusHydrocotyle (pennyworts)
FamilyARALIACEAE (ivies and angelica trees)
OrderAPIALES (umbellifers, ivies and pennyworts)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Hydrocotyle (pennyworts)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
() Lansdown R.V. & Pankhurst T.J. Field Guide to the Identification of Difficult Aquatic Plants of the New Forest

Hydrocotyle (pennyworts) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Hydrocotyle (pennyworts):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 26 images of Hydrocotyle (pennyworts)
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