Linnaea borealis L.
(Twinflower)

Interactions where Linnaea borealis is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
has sap sucked by adult Metatropis rufescens ssp linnaeae a stiltbug Hemiptera: Berytidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Berytidae/Metatropis rufescens ssp. linnaeae/Metatropis rufescens ssp. linnaeaea stiltbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Dipsacales/Caprifoliaceae/Linnaea borealis/Linnaea borealistwinflower adult sucks sap of
has sap sucked by nymph Metatropis rufescens ssp linnaeae a stiltbug Hemiptera: Berytidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Berytidae/Metatropis rufescens ssp. linnaeae/Metatropis rufescens ssp. linnaeaea stiltbugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Dipsacales/Caprifoliaceae/Linnaea borealis/Linnaea borealistwinflower nymph sucks sap of
leaf leaf is foodplant of epiphyllous, subiculately pseudothecial stroma UK/Ireland Metacoleroa dickiei Twinflower Rust Venturiales: Venturiaceae Following in the footsteps of Dickie and Leighton: some rarely recorded microfungi on Twinflower leaves including Ceramothyrium linnaeae, new to Britain, Ainsworth, M., Taylor, S. & Cannon, P.F., 2015
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Metacoleroa dickiei/Metacoleroa dickieitwinflower rustepiphyllous, subiculately pseudothecialstroma Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Dipsacales/Caprifoliaceae/Linnaea borealis/Linnaea borealistwinflowerleaf epiphyllous, subiculately pseudothecial stroma feeds on leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, black, shining pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria linnaeae a leaf-spot fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Following in the footsteps of Dickie and Leighton: some rarely recorded microfungi on Twinflower leaves including Ceramothyrium linnaeae, new to Britain, Ainsworth, M., Taylor, S. & Cannon, P.F., 2015
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria linnaeae/Septoria linnaeaea leaf-spot fungusepiphyllous, black, shiningpycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Dipsacales/Caprifoliaceae/Linnaea borealis/Linnaea borealistwinflowerliveleaf epiphyllous, black, shining pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, black, stromatic apothecium UK/IrelandRestricted Ceramothyrium linnaeae a pyrenomycete Chaetothyriales: Chaetothyriaceae Following in the footsteps of Dickie and Leighton: some rarely recorded microfungi on Twinflower leaves including Ceramothyrium linnaeae, new to Britain, Ainsworth, M., Taylor, S. & Cannon, P.F., 2015
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales/Chaetothyriaceae/Ceramothyrium linnaeae/Ceramothyrium linnaeaea pyrenomyceteepiphyllous, black, stromaticapothecium Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Dipsacales/Caprifoliaceae/Linnaea borealis/Linnaea borealistwinflowerliveleafSole epiphyllous, black, stromatic apothecium causes spots on live leaf

Author & YearTitleSource
Ainsworth, M., Taylor, S. & Cannon, P.F., 2015Following in the footsteps of Dickie and Leighton: some rarely recorded microfungi on Twinflower leaves including Ceramothyrium linnaeae, new to BritainField Mycology Vol 16 (1): 5-11.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Linnaea borealis (Twinflower) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesLinnaea borealis (Twinflower)
FamilyCAPRIFOLIACEAE (honeysuckles, scabiouses and valerians)
OrderDIPSACALES (elder, honeysuckles, valerians, scabiouses and teasels)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Linnaea borealis (Twinflower)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Gibbons, B. 2002 Twinflower Vol 14, No. 2 Page: 128

Linnaea borealis (Twinflower) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Plant Pathology

Ainsworth, M., Taylor, S. & Cannon, P.F. 2015 Following in the footsteps of Dickie and Leighton: some rarely recorded microfungi on Twinflower leaves including Ceramothyrium linnaeae, new to Britain Field Mycology Vol 16 (1): 5-11.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Linnaea borealis (Twinflower):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 13 images of Linnaea borealis (Twinflower)
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