Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum (Fieber, 1844)
(Beet Leaf Bug)

Interactions where Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
adult adult sucks sap of Minor Aster tripolium Sea-aster, Sea Aster Asterales: Asteraceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Aster tripolium/Aster tripoliumsea-aster, sea asterMinor
nymph nymph sucks sap of Minor Aster tripolium Sea-aster, Sea Aster Asterales: Asteraceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Aster tripolium/Aster tripoliumsea-aster, sea asterMinor
adult adult sucks sap of Major Atriplex patula Common Orache Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Atriplex patula/Atriplex patulacommon oracheMajor
nymph nymph sucks sap of Major Atriplex patula Common Orache Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Atriplex patula/Atriplex patulacommon oracheMajor
adult adult sucks sap of Major Atriplex portulacoides Sea Purslane, Sea-purslane Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Atriplex portulacoides/Atriplex portulacoidessea purslane, sea-purslaneMajor
nymph nymph sucks sap of Major Atriplex portulacoides Sea Purslane, Sea-purslane Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Atriplex portulacoides/Atriplex portulacoidessea purslane, sea-purslaneMajor
adult adult sucks sap of Major Atriplex prostrata agg. a goosefoot Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Atriplex prostrata agg./Atriplex prostrata agg.a goosefootMajor
nymph nymph sucks sap of Major Atriplex prostrata agg. a goosefoot Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Atriplex prostrata agg./Atriplex prostrata agg.a goosefootMajor
adult adult sucks sap of Rare Beta vulgaris Beet Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Beta vulgaris/Beta vulgarisbeetRare
nymph nymph sucks sap of Rare Beta vulgaris Beet Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Beta vulgaris/Beta vulgarisbeetRare
adult adult sucks sap of Major Chenopodium goosefoots Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Chenopodium/ChenopodiumgoosefootsMajor
nymph nymph sucks sap of Major Chenopodium goosefoots Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Caryophyllales/Amaranthaceae/Chenopodium/ChenopodiumgoosefootsMajor
adult adult sucks sap of Minor POACEAE grasses, couch Poales Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Poaceaegrasses, couchMinor
nymph nymph sucks sap of Minor POACEAE grasses, couch Poales Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Poaceaegrasses, couchMinor

Interactions where Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
adult spreads Foreign Crinkle virus Crinkle Disease Of Beet Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Crinkle virus/Crinkle viruscrinkle disease of beet Animal / vectorForeign /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Piesmatidae/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratum/Parapiesma quadratum subsp. quadratumbeet leaf bugadult is spread by adult

Author & YearTitleSource
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum (Beet Leaf Bug) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum (Beet Leaf Bug) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SubspeciesParapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum (Beet Leaf Bug)
SpeciesParapiesma quadratum (Beet Leaf Bug)
GenusParapiesma (a genus of bugs)
FamilyPIESMATIDAE (beet bugs)
SuperfamilyLYGAEOIDEA (a superfamily of bugs)
InfraorderPentatomomorpha (an infraorder of bugs)
SuborderHETEROPTERA (true bugs)
OrderHEMIPTERA (bugs)
Division Exopterygota (earwigs, grasshoppers, stoneflies, true bugs, and other insects with wings developing externally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum (Beet Leaf Bug)

Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum (Beet Leaf Bug) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Parapiesma quadratum ssp quadratum (Beet Leaf Bug):

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