Triticum (wheats)

Interactions where Triticum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	has sap sucked by	Aelia acuminata	Bishop’s Mitre Shield-bug, Bishop’s Mitre	Hemiptera: Pentatomidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Pentatomidae/Aelia acuminata/	Aelia acuminata	bishop’s mitre shield-bug, bishop's mitre				Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats						sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by adult	Eurygaster maura	European Tortoise Bug	Hemiptera: Scutelleridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Scutelleridae/Eurygaster maura/	Eurygaster maura	european tortoise bug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats						adult sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by nymph	Eurygaster maura	European Tortoise Bug	Hemiptera: Scutelleridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Scutelleridae/Eurygaster maura/	Eurygaster maura	european tortoise bug			nymph	Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats						nymph sucks sap of
	is decayed by immersed pseudothecium	Cladosporium allicinum	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Cladosporiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Cladosporiaceae/Cladosporium allicinum/	Cladosporium allicinum	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats						immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on
	is foodplant of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta avenae	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta avenae/	Ascochyta avenae	a coelomycete			Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats						Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
	is foodplant of pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta hordei var europaea	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta hordei var. europaea/	Ascochyta hordei var. europaea	a coelomycete		pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats						pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
	seed is decayed by colony of Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph	Curvularia inaequalis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Curvularia inaequalis/	Curvularia inaequalis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats			seed			colony of Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on seed
	root is decayed by colony of Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph	Curvularia inaequalis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Curvularia inaequalis/	Curvularia inaequalis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats			root			colony of Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on root
	seed may be infected and damaged by perithecium	Gelasinospora cerealis	a pyrenomycete	Sordariales: Sordariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Sordariaceae/Gelasinospora cerealis/	Gelasinospora cerealis	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats			seed			perithecium infects and damages seed
(dead, decayed)	dead, decayed straw is decayed by fruitbody	Stropharia rugosoannulata	Wine Roundhead	Agaricales: Strophariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Strophariaceae/Stropharia rugosoannulata/	Stropharia rugosoannulata	wine roundhead			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead, decayed		straw	Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed straw
(dead)	dead is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. triticae	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Leptosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Leptosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. triticae/	Phaeosphaeria avenaria f.sp. triticae	an ascomycete	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead				(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead
(dead)	dead stem is decayed by colony of Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph	Curvularia inaequalis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Curvularia inaequalis/	Curvularia inaequalis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead		stem			colony of Curvularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
(dead)	dead is decayed by colony of Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Drechslera dematioidea, Punithalingam, E., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera dematioidea/	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead					colony of Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead
(dead)	dead is decayed by pycnidium of Wojnowicia coelomycetous anamorph	Wojnowicia hirta	a coelomycete		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Wojnowicia hirta/	Wojnowicia hirta	a coelomycete		pycnidium	Wojnowicia coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead					pycnidium of Wojnowicia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead
(foot rotted)	foot rotted stubble may be secondarily infected by colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Periconia circinata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Periconia circinata/	Periconia circinata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / secondary infection		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	foot rotted		stubble			colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph secondarily infects foot rotted stubble
(live)	live seedling may be infected and damaged by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Cochliobolus sativus	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Cochliobolus sativus/	Cochliobolus sativus	an ascomycete		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live		seedling			colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live seedling
(live)	live may be infected and damaged by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Cochliobolus sativus	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Cochliobolus sativus/	Cochliobolus sativus	an ascomycete		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live					colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live
(live)	live is parasitised by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera biseptata/	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live					colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph parasitises live
(live)	live is parasitised by	Blumeria graminis	Grass Mildew, Grass and Cereal Powdery Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Blumeria graminis/	Blumeria graminis	grass mildew, grass and cereal powdery mildew				Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live					parasitises live
(live)	live may be infected and damaged by uredium	Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Ug99	(TTKS Black Stem Rust Of Wheat)	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain, Sansford, C., 2008	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Ug99/	Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Ug99	(TTKS black stem rust of wheat)			uredium	Foodplant / pathogen	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live					uredium infects and damages live
(live)	live may be infected and damaged by telium	Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Ug99	(TTKS Black Stem Rust Of Wheat)	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain, Sansford, C., 2008	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Ug99/	Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Ug99	(TTKS black stem rust of wheat)			telium	Foodplant / pathogen	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live					telium infects and damages live
ear	ear may be infected and damaged by Fusarium anamorph	Fusarium citriforme	an anamorphic fungus	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Fusarium citriforme/	Fusarium citriforme	an anamorphic fungus			Fusarium anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		ear				Fusarium anamorph infects and damages ear
ear	ear may be infected and damaged by colony of Fusarium anamorph	Fusarium poae	Carnation Bud Rot, Silvertop Disease (A causative organism)	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Fusarium poae/	Fusarium poae	carnation bud rot, silvertop disease (a causative organism)		colony	Fusarium anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		ear				colony of Fusarium anamorph infects and damages ear
ear (blackened)	blackened ear is associate of extensive, velvety colony of Cladosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Mycosphaerella tassiana	an ascomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella tassiana/	Mycosphaerella tassiana	an ascomycete	extensive, velvety	colony	Cladosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Plant / associate	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	blackened	ear			(8-9)	extensive, velvety colony of Cladosporium dematiaceous anamorph is associated with blackened ear
glume (dead)	dead glume is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	Wheat Glume Blotch Fungus	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nodorum/	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	wheat glume blotch fungus	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	glume		Major	(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead glume
glume (dead)	dead glume is spotted by scattered, initially immersed pycnidium of Septoria anamorph	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	Wheat Glume Blotch Fungus	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nodorum/	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	wheat glume blotch fungus	scattered, initially immersed	pycnidium	Septoria anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	glume		Major	(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pycnidium of Septoria anamorph causes spots on dead glume
inflorescence (dead)	dead inflorescence is decayed by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera biseptata/	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	inflorescence				colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead inflorescence
inflorescence (live)	live inflorescence may be infected and damaged by pycnidium of Dilophospora coelomycetous anamorph	Lidophia graminis	Twist		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Lidophia graminis/	Lidophia graminis	twist		pycnidium	Dilophospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	inflorescence			(5-10, esp. 7)	pycnidium of Dilophospora coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live inflorescence
leaf (between veins) (live)	live leaf (between veins) is spotted by immersed, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Septoria tritici sensu Rob. & Desm.	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria tritici sensu Rob. & Desm./	Septoria tritici sensu Rob. & Desm.	a leaf-spot fungus	immersed, minute	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf (between veins)			(5-8)	immersed, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf (between veins)
leaf sheath (lower part) (dead)	dead leaf sheath (lower part) may be infected and damaged by immersed, mycelial matted perithecium	Gaeumannomyces graminis	Take-all Patch Disease, Ophiobolus Patch (Causative Agent)	Magnaporthales: Magnaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 A comparison between Ophiobolus graminis and Ophiobolus graminis var. avenae, Willetts, H.J., 1961	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Magnaporthales/Magnaporthaceae/Gaeumannomyces graminis/	Gaeumannomyces graminis	take-all patch disease, ophiobolus patch (causative agent)	immersed, mycelial matted		perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	leaf sheath (lower part)			(3-10)	immersed, mycelial matted perithecium infects and damages dead leaf sheath (lower part)
leaf sheath (lower part) (dead)	dead leaf sheath (lower part) may be infected and damaged by immersed, mycelial matted perithecium	Gaeumannomyces graminis var avenae	an ascomycete	Magnaporthales: Magnaporthaceae	A comparison between Ophiobolus graminis and Ophiobolus graminis var. avenae, Willetts, H.J., 1961	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Magnaporthales/Magnaporthaceae/Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae/	Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae	an ascomycete	immersed, mycelial matted		perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	leaf sheath (lower part)			(3-10)	immersed, mycelial matted perithecium infects and damages dead leaf sheath (lower part)
leaf sheath (usually close to stem base)	leaf sheath (usually close to stem base) may be infected and damaged by immersed perithecium	Monographella nivalis	Snow Mould, "Fusarium Patch" - causative organism	Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Amphisphaeriaceae/Monographella nivalis/	Monographella nivalis	snow mould, "Fusarium patch" (causative organism)	immersed		perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf sheath (usually close to stem base)				immersed perithecium infects and damages leaf sheath (usually close to stem base)
leaf sheath (usually close to stem base)	leaf sheath (usually close to stem base) may be infected and damaged by Fusarium anamorph	Monographella nivalis	Snow Mould, "Fusarium Patch" - causative organism	Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Amphisphaeriaceae/Monographella nivalis/	Monographella nivalis	snow mould, "Fusarium patch" (causative organism)			Fusarium anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf sheath (usually close to stem base)				Fusarium anamorph infects and damages leaf sheath (usually close to stem base)
leaf-mine	leaf-mine may house puparium	Chromatomyia nigra	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia nigra/	Chromatomyia nigra	a leaf-mining fly			puparium	Plant / resting place / within		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf-mine				puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza nigrella	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza nigrella/	Agromyza nigrella	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				larva mines leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza nigrociliata	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza nigrociliata/	Agromyza nigrociliata	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf		Major		larva mines leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by solitary larva	Agromyza rondensis	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza rondensis/	Agromyza rondensis	a leaf-mining fly	solitary		larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				solitary larva mines leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Chromatomyia nigra	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia nigra/	Chromatomyia nigra	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				larva mines leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Euura clitellata	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura clitellata/	Euura clitellata	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Dolerus haematodes	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Dolerus haematodes/	Dolerus haematodes	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Selandria serva	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Selandria serva/	Selandria serva	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf		Major		larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	Dothideales: Saccotheciaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Saccotheciaceae/Pseudoseptoria donacis/	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	immersed, crowded or in rows	pycnidium	Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf			(5-7)	immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf	leaf is spotted by immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta avenae var avenae	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta avenae var. avenae/	Ascochyta avenae var. avenae	a coelomycete	immersed	pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf	leaf is spotted by pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta hordeicola	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta hordeicola/	Ascochyta hordeicola	a coelomycete		pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf	leaf may be infected and damaged by immersed pseudothecium	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta sorghi/	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf			(3-8)	immersed pseudothecium infects and damages leaf
leaf	leaf may be infected and damaged by erumpent Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta sorghi/	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	erumpent		Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf			(3-8)	erumpent Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages leaf
leaf	leaf is spotted by colony of Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph	Pyrenophora erythrospila	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Pyrenophora erythrospila, Punithalingam, E., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Pyrenophora erythrospila/	Pyrenophora erythrospila	an ascomycete		colony	Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		leaf				colony of Drechsler dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody	Typhula culmigena	a minute club fungus	Agaricales: Typhulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula culmigena/	Typhula culmigena	a minute club fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead, decayed	leaf				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed leaf
leaf (dead, fungus infected)	dead, fungus infected leaf is decayed by Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph	Lewia infectoria	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Lewia infectoria/	Lewia infectoria	an ascomycete			Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead, fungus infected	leaf				Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fungus infected leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	Wheat Glume Blotch Fungus	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nodorum/	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	wheat glume blotch fungus	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	leaf		Major	(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by scattered, initially immersed, epiphyllous pycnidium of Septoria anamorph	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	Wheat Glume Blotch Fungus	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nodorum/	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	wheat glume blotch fungus	scattered, initially immersed, epiphyllous	pycnidium	Septoria anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	leaf		Major	(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed, epiphyllous pycnidium of Septoria anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera biseptata/	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	leaf				colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by stromatic acervulus of Cheilaria coelomycetous anamorph	Cheilaria agrostidis	a coelomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Cheilaria agrostidis/	Cheilaria agrostidis	a coelomycete	stromatic	acervulus	Cheilaria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf				stromatic acervulus of Cheilaria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Cochliobolus sativus	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Cochliobolus sativus/	Cochliobolus sativus	an ascomycete		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf				colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf may be infected and damaged by immersed, often in rows between veins pycnidium of Dilophospora coelomycetous anamorph	Lidophia graminis	Twist		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Lidophia graminis/	Lidophia graminis	twist	immersed, often in rows between veins	pycnidium	Dilophospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf			(5-10, esp. 7)	immersed, often in rows between veins pycnidium of Dilophospora coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by crowded, arranged in rows or scattered, immersed, minute, fuscous pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Zymoseptoria tritici	an ascomycete		British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Zymoseptoria tritici/	Zymoseptoria tritici	an ascomycete	crowded, arranged in rows or scattered, immersed, minute, fuscous	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf			(summer)	crowded, arranged in rows or scattered, immersed, minute, fuscous pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf may be infected and damaged by immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Oculimacula yallundae	Foot-rot, Strawbreaker, Eyespot and Lodging Diseases (Causative Organsim), Wheat Eyespot	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Oculimacula yallundae/	Oculimacula yallundae	foot-rot, strawbreaker, eyespot and lodging diseases (causative organsim), wheat eyespot	immersed	stroma	Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf				immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium agropyri	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism, Couch Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium agropyri/	Rhynchosporium agropyri	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism, couch scald	immersed	stromatic	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf				immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminis f.sp. tritici	Black Stem Rust Of Wheat	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain, Sansford, C., 2008	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici	black stem rust of wheat	amphigenous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf		Major		amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by mostly epiphyllous, scattered uredium	Puccinia hordei	Barley Leaf Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hordei/	Puccinia hordei	barley leaf rust	mostly epiphyllous, scattered		uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf				mostly epiphyllous, scattered uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, subepidermal telium	Puccinia hordei	Barley Leaf Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hordei/	Puccinia hordei	barley leaf rust	hypophyllous, subepidermal		telium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	leaf				hypophyllous, subepidermal telium parasitises live leaf
ovary	ovary may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus	Tilletia caries	Bunt Of Wheat, Stinking Smut	Tilletiales: Tilletiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Tilletiales/Tilletiaceae/Tilletia caries/	Tilletia caries	bunt of wheat, stinking smut	embedded	sorus		Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		ovary			(7-8)	embedded sorus infects and damages ovary
ovary (live)	live ovary may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus	Ustilago tritici	Loose Smut (Of Wheat and Barley), Loose Smut Of Barley	Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago tritici/	Ustilago tritici	loose smut (of wheat and barley), loose smut of barley	embedded		sorus	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	ovary			(6-8)	embedded sorus infects and damages live ovary
root	root is decayed by colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Periconia macrospinosa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Periconia macrospinosa/	Periconia macrospinosa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Periconia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		root				colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on root
seed head	seed head may be infected and damaged by sporodochium of conidial Fusarium anamorph	Gibberella gordonii	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Fusarium heterosporum, Booth, C., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Gibberella gordonii/	Gibberella gordonii	a pyrenomycete		sporodochium	conidial Fusarium anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		seed head				sporodochium of conidial Fusarium anamorph infects and damages seed head
seed	seed has sap sucked by	Dolycoris baccarum	Hairy Shieldbug, Sloebug, Sloe Shieldbug	Hemiptera: Pentatomidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Pentatomidae/Dolycoris baccarum/	Dolycoris baccarum	hairy shieldbug, sloebug, sloe shieldbug				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		seed				sucks sap of seed
sheath	sheath is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	Dothideales: Saccotheciaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Saccotheciaceae/Pseudoseptoria donacis/	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	immersed, crowded or in rows	pycnidium	Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		sheath			(5-7)	immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath may be infected and damaged by immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Oculimacula yallundae	Foot-rot, Strawbreaker, Eyespot and Lodging Diseases (Causative Organsim), Wheat Eyespot	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Oculimacula yallundae/	Oculimacula yallundae	foot-rot, strawbreaker, eyespot and lodging diseases (causative organsim), wheat eyespot	immersed	stroma	Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	sheath				immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is spotted by immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium agropyri	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism, Couch Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium agropyri/	Rhynchosporium agropyri	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism, couch scald	immersed	stromatic	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	sheath				immersed stromatic of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is spotted by immersed, subiculate perithecium	Gibellina cerealis	an ascomycete fungus	Phyllachorales: Phyllachoraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Phyllachorales/Phyllachoraceae/Gibellina cerealis/	Gibellina cerealis	an ascomycete fungus	immersed, subiculate		perithecium	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	sheath			(6-10)	immersed, subiculate perithecium causes spots on live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is parasitised by uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminis f.sp. tritici	Black Stem Rust Of Wheat	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain, Sansford, C., 2008	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici	black stem rust of wheat			uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	sheath		Major		uredium parasitises live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is parasitised by linear telium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminis f.sp. tritici	Black Stem Rust Of Wheat	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain, Sansford, C., 2008	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici	black stem rust of wheat	linear		telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	sheath		Major		linear telium parasitises live sheath
stem (esp node) (dead)	dead stem (esp node) is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	Wheat Glume Blotch Fungus	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nodorum/	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	wheat glume blotch fungus	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem (esp node)		Major	(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem (esp node)
stem (esp node) (dead)	dead stem (esp node) is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pycnidium of Septoria anamorph	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	Wheat Glume Blotch Fungus	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria nodorum/	Phaeosphaeria nodorum	wheat glume blotch fungus	scattered, initially immersed	pycnidium	Septoria anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem (esp node)		Major	(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pycnidium of Septoria anamorph is saprobic on dead stem (esp node)
stem base	stem base may be infected and damaged by clustered perithecium	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Gibberella zeae/	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete	clustered		perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem base				clustered perithecium infects and damages stem base
stem base	stem base may be infected and damaged by Fusarium anamorph	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Gibberella zeae/	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete			Fusarium anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem base				Fusarium anamorph infects and damages stem base
stem base (dead)	dead stem base may be infected and damaged by immersed, mycelial matted perithecium	Gaeumannomyces graminis	Take-all Patch Disease, Ophiobolus Patch (Causative Agent)	Magnaporthales: Magnaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 A comparison between Ophiobolus graminis and Ophiobolus graminis var. avenae, Willetts, H.J., 1961	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Magnaporthales/Magnaporthaceae/Gaeumannomyces graminis/	Gaeumannomyces graminis	take-all patch disease, ophiobolus patch (causative agent)	immersed, mycelial matted		perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem base			(3-10)	immersed, mycelial matted perithecium infects and damages dead stem base
stem base (dead)	dead stem base may be infected and damaged by immersed, mycelial matted perithecium	Gaeumannomyces graminis var avenae	an ascomycete	Magnaporthales: Magnaporthaceae	A comparison between Ophiobolus graminis and Ophiobolus graminis var. avenae, Willetts, H.J., 1961	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Magnaporthales/Magnaporthaceae/Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae/	Gaeumannomyces graminis var. avenae	an ascomycete	immersed, mycelial matted		perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem base			(3-10)	immersed, mycelial matted perithecium infects and damages dead stem base
stem internode (basal)	stem internode (basal) is decayed by immersed pseudothecium	Ophiosphaerella herpotricha	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Ophiosphaerella herpotricha/	Ophiosphaerella herpotricha	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem internode (basal)			(3-7)	immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on stem internode (basal)
stem internode (basal)	stem internode (basal) is decayed by immersed pycnidial anamorph	Ophiosphaerella herpotricha	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Ophiosphaerella herpotricha/	Ophiosphaerella herpotricha	an ascomycete	immersed		pycnidial anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem internode (basal)		Minor	(3-7)	immersed pycnidial anamorph is saprobic on stem internode (basal)
stem node (lower)	stem node (lower) may be infected and damaged by clustered perithecium	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Gibberella zeae/	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete	clustered		perithecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem node (lower)				clustered perithecium infects and damages stem node (lower)
stem node (lower)	stem node (lower) may be infected and damaged by Fusarium anamorph	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Gibberella zeae/	Gibberella zeae	an ascomycete			Fusarium anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem node (lower)				Fusarium anamorph infects and damages stem node (lower)
stem	stem may contain larva	Cephus pygmeus	Wheat Stem Borer	Hymenoptera: Cephidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cephidae/Cephus pygmeus/	Cephus pygmeus	wheat stem borer			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem				larva feeds within stem
stem	stem may be infected and damaged by immersed pseudothecium	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta sorghi/	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem			(3-8)	immersed pseudothecium infects and damages stem
stem	stem may be infected and damaged by erumpent Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta sorghi/	Ascochyta sorghi	a coelomycete	erumpent		Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats		stem			(3-8)	erumpent Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages stem
stem (dead, fungus infected)	dead, fungus infected stem is decayed by Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph	Lewia infectoria	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Lewia infectoria/	Lewia infectoria	an ascomycete			Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead, fungus infected	stem				Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fungus infected stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium	Phaeosphaeria eustoma	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria eustoma/	Phaeosphaeria eustoma	an ascomycete	scattered, initially immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem			(spring, summer)	scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pseudothecium	Lewia infectoria	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Lewia infectoria/	Lewia infectoria	an ascomycete			pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem			(2-10)	pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by immersed pseudothecium	Pleospora phaeocomoides	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Pleospora phaeocomoides/	Pleospora phaeocomoides	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem			(2-10)	immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pseudothecium	Pleospora straminis	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Pleospora straminis/	Pleospora straminis	an ascomycete			pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem			(4-9)	pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera biseptata/	Drechslera biseptata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem				colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pseudothecium	Septoriella vagans	an ascomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Septoriella vagans/	Septoriella vagans	an ascomycete			pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem			(4-8)	pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by pycnidium of Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph	Septoriella vagans	an ascomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Septoriella vagans/	Septoriella vagans	an ascomycete		pycnidium	Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem				pycnidium of Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by stalked apothecium	Lachnum palearum var palearum	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Lachnum palearum var. palearum/	Lachnum palearum var. palearum	a discomycete	stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	dead	stem			(3-8)	stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (live)	live stem may be infected and damaged by immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Oculimacula yallundae	Foot-rot, Strawbreaker, Eyespot and Lodging Diseases (Causative Organsim), Wheat Eyespot	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Oculimacula yallundae/	Oculimacula yallundae	foot-rot, strawbreaker, eyespot and lodging diseases (causative organsim), wheat eyespot	immersed	stroma	Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	stem				immersed stroma of Pseudocercosporella dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages live stem
stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by linear telium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminis f.sp. tritici	Black Stem Rust Of Wheat	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain, Sansford, C., 2008	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici	black stem rust of wheat	linear		telium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	stem		Major		linear telium parasitises live stem
stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminis f.sp. tritici	Black Stem Rust Of Wheat	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland., Batts, C.C.V., 1951 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain, Sansford, C., 2008	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici/	Puccinia graminis ssp. graminis f.sp. tritici	black stem rust of wheat			uredium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Triticum/	Triticum	wheats	live	stem		Major		uredium parasitises live stem

Subtaxon	Rank	No of interactions	No of references
Triticum aestivum Bread Wheat	Species	42 trophisms	2 references
Triticum durum Pasta Wheat, Durum	Species	2 trophisms
Triticum turgidum Rivet Wheat	Species	1 trophisms

Genus	Triticum (wheats)
Tribe	Triticeae (wheats & barleys)
Subfamily	POOIDEAE (a subfamily of grasses)
Family	POACEAE (grasses, couch)
Order	POALES (grasses, sedges & rushes)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Triticum L.
(wheats)

Interactions where Triticum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Batts, C.C.V., 1951	Physiologic specialization of Puccinia graminis Pers. in south-east Scotland.	TBMS Vol 34 (4): 533-538.
Benson, R.B., 1951	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(a), 49pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Benson, R.B., 1952	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Benson, R.B., 1958	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(c), 252pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Booth, C., 1998	Fusarium heterosporum	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 572.
Braun, U., 1995	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	New or interesting British fungi	TBMS Vol 29 (3): 141-166.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press
Punithalingam, E., 1990	Pyrenophora erythrospila	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1010.
Punithalingam, E., 1990	Drechslera dematioidea	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1009.
Sansford, C., 2008	CSL Information note for stem rust/black rust of wheat: Ug99 - a new virulent strain	PRAs for consultation on pest risk management PRAs for consultation on pest risk management.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Willetts, H.J., 1961	A comparison between Ophiobolus graminis and Ophiobolus graminis var. avenae	TBMS Vol 44 (4): 504-510.