Abies (firs)

Interactions where Abies is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is foodplant of	Polydrusus pilosus	a weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Polydrusus pilosus/	Polydrusus pilosus	a weevil				Foodplant / feeds on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs					Major		feeds on
	is associate of	Laricobius erichsonii	a tooth-necked fungus beetle	Coleoptera: Derodontidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Derodontidae/Laricobius erichsonii/	Laricobius erichsonii	a tooth-necked fungus beetle				Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs							is associated with
	is associate of	Myrmedobia distinguenda	a minute bug	Hemiptera: Microphysidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Microphysidae/Myrmedobia distinguenda/	Myrmedobia distinguenda	a minute bug				Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs							is associated with
(Adelgid-infected)	Adelgid-infected is associate of larva	Melangyna quadrimaculata	a hoverfly	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Melangyna quadrimaculata/	Melangyna quadrimaculata	a hoverfly			larva	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		Adelgid-infected					larva is associated with Adelgid-infected
(aphid infested)	aphid infested is associate of	Heringia	a genus of hoverflies	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Heringia/	Heringia	a genus of hoverflies				Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		aphid infested					is associated with aphid infested
(dead, decayed)	dead, decayed sawdust is decayed by fruitbody	Hypholoma marginatum	Snakeskin Brownie	Agaricales: Strophariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Strophariaceae/Hypholoma marginatum/	Hypholoma marginatum	snakeskin brownie			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed		sawdust			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed sawdust
(dead, decayed)	dead, decayed woodships is decayed by fruitbody	Hypholoma marginatum	Snakeskin Brownie	Agaricales: Strophariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Strophariaceae/Hypholoma marginatum/	Hypholoma marginatum	snakeskin brownie			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed		woodships			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed woodships
(live)	live is parasitised by Cryptocline coelomycetous anamorph	Cryptocline effusa	a coelomycete	Helotiales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Cryptocline effusa/	Cryptocline effusa	a coelomycete			Cryptocline coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live					Cryptocline coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live
(live)	live is parasitised by aecium	Milesina dieteliana	Polypody Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina dieteliana/	Milesina dieteliana	polypody rust			aecium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live					aecium parasitises live
(live)	live is parasitised by pycnium	Milesina dieteliana	Polypody Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina dieteliana/	Milesina dieteliana	polypody rust			pycnium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live					pycnium parasitises live
bark	bark is decayed by perithecium	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Cosmospora viridescens/	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			bark			(9-5)	perithecium is saprobic on bark
bark	bark is decayed by effuse colony of Mariannaea anamorph	Mariannaea elegans	an anamorphic fungus	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Mariannaea elegans/	Mariannaea elegans	an anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Mariannaea anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			bark				effuse colony of Mariannaea anamorph is saprobic on bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by densely scattered, erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Phomopsis pithya	a coelomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Phomopsis pithya/	Phomopsis pithya	a coelomycete	densely scattered, erumpent	pycnidium	Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	bark				densely scattered, erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
branch (attached) (dead)	dead branch (attached) may have epiphytic fruitbody	Aleurodiscus amorphus	Orange Discus	Russulales: Stereaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Stereaceae/Aleurodiscus amorphus/	Aleurodiscus amorphus	orange discus			fruitbody	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	branch (attached)		Major		fruitbody grows on dead branch (attached)
branch (attached) (moribund)	moribund branch (attached) may have epiphytic fruitbody	Aleurodiscus amorphus	Orange Discus	Russulales: Stereaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Stereaceae/Aleurodiscus amorphus/	Aleurodiscus amorphus	orange discus			fruitbody	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		moribund	branch (attached)		Major		fruitbody grows on moribund branch (attached)
branch (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed branch is decayed by fruitbody	Skeletocutis semipileata	Hazel Bracket	Polyporales: Polyporaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Polyporaceae/Skeletocutis semipileata/	Skeletocutis semipileata	hazel bracket			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen, decayed	branch		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed branch
branch (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen branch is decayed by fruitbody	Hymenochaete cruenta	a basidiomycete fungus	Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Hymenochaete cruenta/	Hymenochaete cruenta	a basidiomycete fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen	branch				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by clustered, erumpent through cracks in bark apothecium	Gnomonia alnea	a valsoid pyenomycete	Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae	Notes on British species of Tympanis (Leotiales) with T. prunicola new to Britain, Yao, Y.-J. & Spooner, B.M., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Gnomonia alnea/	Gnomonia alnea	a valsoid pyenomycete	clustered, erumpent through cracks in bark		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	branch			(2-6)	clustered, erumpent through cracks in bark apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma	Leucostoma kunzei	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Leucostoma kunzei/	Leucostoma kunzei	a pyrenomycete	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	branch		Minor	(12-1)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by stromatic, immersed, up to 20 per stroma perithecium	Leucostoma kunzei	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Leucostoma kunzei/	Leucostoma kunzei	a pyrenomycete	stromatic, immersed, up to 20 per stroma		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	branch		Minor	(12-1)	stromatic, immersed, up to 20 per stroma perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by in small groups, erumpent on thin stroma perithecium	Thelonectria pinea	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Thelonectria pinea/	Thelonectria pinea	a pyrenomycete	in small groups, erumpent on thin stroma		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	branch		Minor	(9-5)	in small groups, erumpent on thin stroma perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
bud (live)	live bud has sap sucked by	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid	Hemiptera: Adelgidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Adelgidae/Dreyfusia nordmannianae/	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid				Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	bud				sucks sap of live bud
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Dryocoetes autographus	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Dryocoetes autographus/	Dryocoetes autographus	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Cryphalus asperatus	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Cryphalus asperatus/	Cryphalus asperatus	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Cryphalus piceae	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Cryphalus piceae/	Cryphalus piceae	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Hylurgops palliatus	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Hylurgops palliatus/	Hylurgops palliatus	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Ips typographus	Engraver Beetle, Eight-toothed Spruce Bark Beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Ips typographus/	Ips typographus	engraver beetle, eight-toothed spruce bark beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Pityogenes chalcographus	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Pityogenes chalcographus/	Pityogenes chalcographus	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Pityogenes quadridens	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Pityogenes quadridens/	Pityogenes quadridens	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Tomicus minor	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Tomicus minor/	Tomicus minor	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium		Minor		larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Tomicus piniperda	Large Pine Shoot Beetle, Large Pine-shoot Beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Tomicus piniperda/	Tomicus piniperda	large pine shoot beetle, large pine-shoot beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium		Minor		larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Xylechinus pilosus	a bark or ambrosia beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Xylechinus pilosus/	Xylechinus pilosus	a bark or ambrosia beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cambium	cambium may contain larva	Trypodendron lineatum	Lineated Bark Beetle	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Trypodendron lineatum/	Trypodendron lineatum	lineated bark beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			cambium				larva feeds within cambium
cone scale (fallen, rotting, stromatised)	fallen, rotting, stromatised cone scale is decayed by stipitate, solitary or gregarious apothecium	Ciboria rufofusca	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	New British Records 166-173, Pegler, D.N., Roberts, P.J. & Spooner, B.M., 2000	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Ciboria rufofusca/	Ciboria rufofusca	a discomycete	stipitate, solitary or gregarious		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		fallen, rotting, stromatised	cone scale				stipitate, solitary or gregarious apothecium is saprobic on fallen, rotting, stromatised cone scale
cone (decayed, buried or partly buried)	decayed, buried or partly buried cone is decayed by fruitbody	Auriscalpium vulgare	Earpick Fungus	Russulales: Auriscalpiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Auriscalpiaceae/Auriscalpium vulgare/	Auriscalpium vulgare	earpick fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs	?	decayed, buried or partly buried	cone				fruitbody is saprobic on decayed, buried or partly buried cone
cone (decayed, often partly buried)	decayed, often partly buried cone is decayed by fruitbody	Baeospora myosura	Conifercone Cap	Agaricales: Marasmiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Baeospora myosura/	Baeospora myosura	conifercone cap			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		decayed, often partly buried	cone				fruitbody is saprobic on decayed, often partly buried cone
leaf (live, distorted)	live, distorted leaf has sap sucked by	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid	Hemiptera: Adelgidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Adelgidae/Dreyfusia nordmannianae/	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid				Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live, distorted	leaf				sucks sap of live, distorted leaf
log	log may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha	Yellow Porecrust	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Antrodia xantha/	Antrodia xantha	yellow porecrust			fruitbody	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			log				fruitbody grows on log
log (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen log may have epiphytic fruitbody	Amylostereum chailletii	Powdered Duster	Russulales: Amylostereaceae	The Corticiaceae of Northern Europe: 2 Aleurodiscus - Confertobasidium, Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L., 1973 Profiles of Fungi No. 81: Amylostereum chailletii (Pers:Fr.) Boidin, Legon, N. & Pegler, D.N., 1996 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Amylostereaceae/Amylostereum chailletii/	Amylostereum chailletii	powdered duster			fruitbody	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen	log		Major		fruitbody grows on dead, fallen log
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Euura montana	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura montana/	Euura montana	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Euura scutellata	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Euura scutellata/	Euura scutellata	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora abietina	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora abietina/	Pristiphora abietina	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora amphibola	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora amphibola/	Pristiphora amphibola	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora compressa	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora compressa/	Pristiphora compressa	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora nigella	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora nigella/	Pristiphora nigella	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora saxesenii	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora saxesenii/	Pristiphora saxesenii	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle is grazed by larva	Pristiphora subarctica	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora subarctica/	Pristiphora subarctica	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				larva grazes on needle
needle	needle may house immersed pseudothecium	Botryosphaeria abietina	an ascomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Botryosphaeria abietina/	Botryosphaeria abietina	an ascomycete	immersed		pseudothecium	Plant / resting place / within			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			needle				immersed pseudothecium may be found in needle
needle (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed needle of litter is decayed by fruitbody	Hypholoma marginatum	Snakeskin Brownie	Agaricales: Strophariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Strophariaceae/Hypholoma marginatum/	Hypholoma marginatum	snakeskin brownie			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed	needle	litter			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed needle of litter
needle (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed needle of litter is decayed by fruitbody	Phaeoclavulina abietina	Greening Coral	Gomphales: Gomphaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Gomphales/Gomphaceae/Phaeoclavulina abietina/	Phaeoclavulina abietina	greening coral			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen, decayed	needle	litter	Major		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed needle of litter
needle (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen needle is associate of larva	Myrmedobia distinguenda	a minute bug	Hemiptera: Microphysidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Microphysidae/Myrmedobia distinguenda/	Myrmedobia distinguenda	a minute bug			larva	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen	needle				larva is associated with dead, fallen needle
needle (dead)	dead needle is decayed by superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Rhizosphaera needle cast, Anon., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)	superficial, clustered, hypophyllous	pycnidium	Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	needle			(late winter to early spring)	superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (decaying)	decaying needle is decayed by subepidermal, exposed by splitting apothecium	Phacidium abietinum	an ascomycete	Helotiales: Phacidiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phacidiaceae/Phacidium abietinum/	Phacidium abietinum	an ascomycete	subepidermal, exposed by splitting		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		decaying	needle			(5-8)	subepidermal, exposed by splitting apothecium is saprobic on decaying needle
needle (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead needle is decayed by conidioma of Pilidium coelomycetous anamorph	Pilidium acerinum	a coelomycete	Helotiales: Chaetomellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Chaetomellaceae/Pilidium acerinum/	Pilidium acerinum	a coelomycete		conidioma	Pilidium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		fallen, dead	needle			(9-5)	conidioma of Pilidium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead needle
needle (live, yellow mottled)	live, yellow mottled needle may be infected and damaged by Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	Rhizosphaera needle cast, Anon., 2008	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)			Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live, yellow mottled	needle			(mid- to late summer)	Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live, yellow mottled needle
needle (living)	living needle is parasitised by mainly epiphyllous, subepidermal then erumpent pseudothecium	Delphinella abietis	an ascomycete	Dothideales: Dothioraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Dothioraceae/Delphinella abietis/	Delphinella abietis	an ascomycete	mainly epiphyllous, subepidermal then erumpent		pseudothecium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		living	needle			(3-5)	mainly epiphyllous, subepidermal then erumpent pseudothecium parasitises living needle
root (dead)	dead root may contain larva	Prionus coriarius	Tanner Beetle, Sawyer Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Prionus coriarius/	Prionus coriarius	tanner beetle, sawyer beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	root				larva feeds within dead root
root (exposed)	exposed root may contain larva	Judolia sexmaculata	Three-banded Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Judolia sexmaculata/	Judolia sexmaculata	three-banded longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		exposed	root				larva feeds within exposed root
root (live)	live root has sap sucked by alate	Prociphilus bumeliae	an aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Hempitera: Aphididae) a species new to Britain, Baker, E.A. & Martin, J.H., 2011	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Prociphilus (Prociphilus) bumeliae/	Prociphilus (Prociphilus) bumeliae	an aphid			alate	Foodplant / sap sucker		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root			(autumn-winter)	alate sucks sap of live root
root (live)	live root has sap sucked by alate	Prociphilus fraxini	an aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Hempitera: Aphididae) a species new to Britain, Baker, E.A. & Martin, J.H., 2011	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Prociphilus (Prociphilus) fraxini/	Prociphilus (Prociphilus) fraxini	an aphid			alate	Foodplant / sap sucker		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root			(autumn-winter)	alate sucks sap of live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of mycelium	Caloscypha fulgens	Golden Cup	Pezizales: Caloscyphaceae	Profiles of Fungi No. 75: Caloscypha fulgens, Spooner, B.M. & Ainsworth, A.M., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Pezizomycetes/Pezizales/Caloscyphaceae/Caloscypha fulgens/	Caloscypha fulgens	golden cup		mycelium		Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs	?	live	root			(Spring)	mycelium is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Amanita ceciliae	Snakeskin Grisette	Agaricales: Amanitaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Amanitaceae/Amanita ceciliae/	Amanita ceciliae	snakeskin grisette			fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root		Minor		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Hygrophorus pustulatus	Blistered Woodwax	Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Hygrophoraceae/Hygrophorus pustulatus/	Hygrophorus pustulatus	blistered woodwax			fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root				fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Inocybe calamistrata	Greenfoot Fibrecap	Agaricales: Inocybaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Inocybaceae/Inocybe calamistrata/	Inocybe calamistrata	greenfoot fibrecap			fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root		Major		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Butyriboletus subappendiculatus	a spongecap	Boletales: Boletaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Butyriboletus subappendiculatus/	Butyriboletus subappendiculatus	a spongecap			fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root				fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Lactarius rufus	Rufous Milkcap	Russulales: Russulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Russulaceae/Lactarius rufus/	Lactarius rufus	rufous milkcap			fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root				fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live)	live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody	Lactarius salmonicolor non sensu Lactarius salmoneus Peck, 1898	a milkcap	Russulales: Russulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Russulaceae/Lactarius salmonicolor non sensu Lactarius salmoneus Peck, 1898/	Lactarius salmonicolor non sensu Lactarius salmoneus Peck, 1898	a milkcap			fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	root		Major		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (moribund)	moribund root may contain larva	Prionus coriarius	Tanner Beetle, Sawyer Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Prionus coriarius/	Prionus coriarius	tanner beetle, sawyer beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		moribund	root				larva feeds within moribund root
root (wet, decaying)	wet, decaying root is decayed by larva	Xylota sylvarum	a hoverfly	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Xylota sylvarum/	Xylota sylvarum	a hoverfly			larva	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		wet, decaying	root				larva is saprobic on wet, decaying root
sap run and decaying sap	sap run and decaying sap is decayed by larva	Xylota segnis	a hoverfly	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Xylota segnis/	Xylota segnis	a hoverfly			larva	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			sap run and decaying sap				larva is saprobic on sap run and decaying sap
sap run	sap run is decayed by larva	Xylota coeruleiventris	a hoverfly	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Xylota coeruleiventris/	Xylota coeruleiventris	a hoverfly			larva	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			sap run				larva is saprobic on sap run
seed (unripe)	unripe seed has sap sucked by	Leptoglossus occidentalis	Western Conifer Seed Bug	Hemiptera: Coreidae	Western Conifer Seed Bug: Leptoglossus occidentalis, Reid, S., Cannon, R., Malumphy, C., Tilbury, C. & Straw, N.	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coreidae/Leptoglossus occidentalis/	Leptoglossus occidentalis	western conifer seed bug				Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		unripe	seed				sucks sap of unripe seed
shoot (young) (live)	live shoot (young) has sap sucked by	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid	Hemiptera: Adelgidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Adelgidae/Dreyfusia nordmannianae/	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid				Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	shoot (young)				sucks sap of live shoot (young)
stem	stem is galled by mycelium	Melampsorella caryophyllacearum	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Melampsorella caryophyllacearum/	Melampsorella caryophyllacearum	a rust fungus			mycelium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			stem				mycelium causes gall of stem
stem (live)	live stem has sap sucked by	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid	Hemiptera: Adelgidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Adelgidae/Dreyfusia nordmannianae/	Dreyfusia nordmannianae	a silver fir adelgid				Foodplant / sap sucker			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	stem				sucks sap of live stem
stick (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed stick is decayed by fruitbody	Skeletocutis semipileata	Hazel Bracket	Polyporales: Polyporaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Polyporaceae/Skeletocutis semipileata/	Skeletocutis semipileata	hazel bracket			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen, decayed	stick		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed stick
stump (decayed)	decayed stump may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha	Yellow Porecrust	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Antrodia xantha/	Antrodia xantha	yellow porecrust			fruitbody	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		decayed	stump				fruitbody grows on decayed stump
stump (relatively freshly cut, white rotted)	relatively freshly cut, white rotted stump is decayed by fruitbody	Pholiota squarrosa	Shaggy Scalycap, Shaggy Pholiota	Agaricales: Strophariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Strophariaceae/Pholiota squarrosa/	Pholiota squarrosa	shaggy scalycap, shaggy pholiota			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		relatively freshly cut, white rotted	stump		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on relatively freshly cut, white rotted stump
trunk (esp. base) (dead, white rotted)	dead, white rotted trunk (esp. base) is decayed by fruitbody	Pholiota squarrosa	Shaggy Scalycap, Shaggy Pholiota	Agaricales: Strophariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Strophariaceae/Pholiota squarrosa/	Pholiota squarrosa	shaggy scalycap, shaggy pholiota			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, white rotted	trunk (esp. base)		Rare		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, white rotted trunk (esp. base)
trunk (esp. base) (live)	live trunk (esp. base) is parasitised by fruitbody	Pholiota squarrosa	Shaggy Scalycap, Shaggy Pholiota	Agaricales: Strophariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Strophariaceae/Pholiota squarrosa/	Pholiota squarrosa	shaggy scalycap, shaggy pholiota			fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	trunk (esp. base)		Rare		fruitbody parasitises live trunk (esp. base)
trunk (large) (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody	Ischnoderma benzoinum	Benzoin Bracket	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Ischnoderma benzoinum/	Ischnoderma benzoinum	benzoin bracket			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen	trunk (large)				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen trunk (large)
trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by fruitbody	Ganoderma applanatum	Artist’s Bracket	Polyporales: Ganodermataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma applanatum/	Ganoderma applanatum	artist's bracket			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	trunk		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (large, fallen)	large, fallen trunk may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha	Yellow Porecrust	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Antrodia xantha/	Antrodia xantha	yellow porecrust			fruitbody	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		large, fallen	trunk				fruitbody grows on large, fallen trunk
trunk (live)	live trunk is parasitised by fruitbody	Ganoderma applanatum	Artist’s Bracket	Polyporales: Ganodermataceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma applanatum/	Ganoderma applanatum	artist's bracket			fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		live	trunk		Minor		fruitbody parasitises live trunk
twig	twig may have effuse colony of Antennatula dematiaceous anamorph	Antennatula pinophila	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Capnodiales: Euantennariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Euantennariaceae/Antennatula pinophila/	Antennatula pinophila	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Antennatula dematiaceous anamorph	Plant / resting place / on			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			twig				effuse colony of Antennatula dematiaceous anamorph may be found on twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by immersed, becoming erumpeny conidioma of Strasseria coelomycetous anamorph	Strasseria geniculata	a coelomycete		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Strasseria geniculata/	Strasseria geniculata	a coelomycete	immersed, becoming erumpeny	conidioma	Strasseria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	twig			(1-5)	immersed, becoming erumpeny conidioma of Strasseria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
under bark (dead)	dead under bark may contain larva	Asemum striatum	Pine Longhorn, Pine-stump Borer	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Asemum striatum/	Asemum striatum	pine longhorn, pine-stump borer			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	under bark				larva feeds within dead under bark
wood	wood may contain larva	Dryophilus pusillus	a wood boring beetle	Coleoptera: Ptinidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Ptinidae/Dryophilus pusillus/	Dryophilus pusillus	a wood boring beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			wood				larva feeds within wood
wood	wood may contain larva	Tetropium gabrieli	Larch Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Tetropium gabrieli/	Tetropium gabrieli	larch longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			wood				larva feeds within wood
wood	wood is decayed by immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium	Diaporthe eres	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/	Diaporthe eres	a pyrenomycete	immersed, often loosely grouped		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			wood				immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood	wood is decayed by perithecium	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Cosmospora viridescens/	Cosmospora viridescens	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			wood			(9-5)	perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood	wood is decayed by effuse colony of Mariannaea anamorph	Mariannaea elegans	an anamorphic fungus	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Mariannaea elegans/	Mariannaea elegans	an anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Mariannaea anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs			wood				effuse colony of Mariannaea anamorph is saprobic on wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Leptosporomyces galzinii	a resupinate basidiomycete	Atheliales: Atheliaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Atheliales/Atheliaceae/Leptosporomyces galzinii/	Leptosporomyces galzinii	a resupinate basidiomycete			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed	wood		Major		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Penttilamyces romellii	a resupinate bolete	Boletales: Coniophoraceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Coniophoraceae/Penttilamyces romellii/	Penttilamyces romellii	a resupinate bolete			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed	wood				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by	Tubulicrinis subulatus	a white-wash fungus	Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Tubulicrinis subulatus/	Tubulicrinis subulatus	a white-wash fungus				Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed	wood		Minor		is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia arguta	a resupinate fungus	Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Schizoporaceae/Hyphodontia arguta/	Hyphodontia arguta	a resupinate fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Ischnoderma benzoinum	Benzoin Bracket	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Ischnoderma benzoinum/	Ischnoderma benzoinum	benzoin bracket			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed	wood				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Postia balsamea	a bracket fungus	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Postia balsamea/	Postia balsamea	a bracket fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, decayed	wood		Major		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Hyphodontia pallidula	a resupinate fungus	Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Schizoporaceae/Hyphodontia pallidula/	Hyphodontia pallidula	a resupinate fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen, decayed	wood				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood
wood (dead, fallen, decayed)	dead, fallen, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Stereum sanguinolentum	Bleeding Conifer Crust, Red Rot (Of Conifers) - causative organism	Russulales: Stereaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Stereaceae/Stereum sanguinolentum/	Stereum sanguinolentum	bleeding conifer crust, red rot (of conifers) - causative organism			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen, decayed	wood		Major		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed wood
wood (dead, fallen, decaying)	dead, fallen, decaying wood is decayed by fruitbody	Kneiffiella subalutacea	a resupinate fungus	Hymenochaetales: Hyphodontiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hyphodontiaceae/Kneiffiella subalutacea/	Kneiffiella subalutacea	a resupinate fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead, fallen, decaying	wood		Minor		fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decaying wood
wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Judolia sexmaculata	Three-banded Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Judolia sexmaculata/	Judolia sexmaculata	three-banded longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	wood				larva feeds within dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Rhagium bifasciatum	Two-banded Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Rhagium bifasciatum/	Rhagium bifasciatum	two-banded longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	wood				larva feeds within dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Asemum striatum	Pine Longhorn, Pine-stump Borer	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Asemum striatum/	Asemum striatum	pine longhorn, pine-stump borer			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	wood				larva feeds within dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood may contain larva	Stictoleptura rubra	Red Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Stictoleptura rubra/	Stictoleptura rubra	red longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	wood				larva feeds within dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Sterigmabotrys dematiaceous anamorph	Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa/	Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sterigmabotrys dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		dead	wood				effuse colony of Sterigmabotrys dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (decayed)	decayed wood may have epiphytic fruitbody	Antrodia xantha	Yellow Porecrust	Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Antrodia xantha/	Antrodia xantha	yellow porecrust			fruitbody	Plant / epiphyte		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		decayed	wood				fruitbody grows on decayed wood
wood (decayed)	decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody	Amylostereum areolatum	a resupinate fungus	Russulales: Amylostereaceae	Profiles of Fungi No. 127: Amylostereum areolatum (Chaillet apud Fr.) Boidin, Legon, N.W. & Pegler, D.N., 2002	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Amylostereaceae/Amylostereum areolatum/	Amylostereum areolatum	a resupinate fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		decayed	wood				fruitbody is saprobic on decayed wood
wood (rotten)	rotten wood is decayed by effuse, hairy, dark grey to black colony of Monodictys dematiaceous anamorph	Monodictys castaneae	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Monodictys castaneae, Kirk, P.M., 1994	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Monodictys castaneae/	Monodictys castaneae	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse, hairy, dark grey to black	colony	Monodictys dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Abies/	Abies	firs		rotten	wood				effuse, hairy, dark grey to black colony of Monodictys dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on rotten wood

Subtaxon	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions
Abies alba European Silver-fir	Species		45 trophisms
Abies amabilis Red Silver-fir	Species		2 trophisms
Abies cephalonica Greek Fir	Species		9 trophisms
Abies concolor Colorado White-fir	Species	1 subtaxa	6 trophisms
Abies grandis Giant Fir	Species		12 trophisms
Abies nordmanniana Caucasian Fir	Species		14 trophisms
Abies pindrow Pindrow Fir	Species		2 trophisms
Abies pinsapo Spanish Fir	Species		5 trophisms
Abies procera Noble Fir	Species		13 trophisms

Genus	Abies (firs)
Family	PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)
Order	PINALES (conifers)
Class	PINOPSIDA (conifers)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Abies Mill.
(firs)

Interactions where Abies is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Abies is also a member of:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Reid, S., Cannon, R., Malumphy, C., Tilbury, C. & Straw, N.	Western Conifer Seed Bug: Leptoglossus occidentalis	Plant Pest Factsheet, 3pp, DEFRA
Anon., 2008	Rhizosphaera needle cast	Plant Clinic News Sep 08: 2.
Baker, E.A. & Martin, J.H., 2011	Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Hempitera: Aphididae) a species new to Britain	Br. J. Ent. Nat. Hist. Vol 24 (4): 221-223, Plate 15.
Benson, R.B., 1958	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(c), 252pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2006	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 1	British Wildlife Vol 18, No 6: 406-414.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L., 1973	The Corticiaceae of Northern Europe: 2 Aleurodiscus - Confertobasidium	Corticiaceae of Northern Europe, The, 2, Fungiflora
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Harrap, A. & S., 2009	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide	2nd edition, 480pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd
Kirk, P.M., 1994	Monodictys castaneae	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1207.
Legon, N. & Pegler, D.N., 1996	Profiles of Fungi No. 81: Amylostereum chailletii (Pers:Fr.) Boidin	Mycologist Vol 10 (4): 180-181.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Legon, N.W. & Pegler, D.N., 2002	Profiles of Fungi No. 127: Amylostereum areolatum (Chaillet apud Fr.) Boidin	Mycologist Vol 16 (3): 124.
Morris, M.G., 1997	Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17a, 106pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Pegler, D.N., Roberts, P.J. & Spooner, B.M., 2000	New British Records 166-173	Mycologist Vol 14 (1): 29-31.
Rotheray, G.E., 1993	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe	Diperists Digest Dipterists Digest No. 9.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spooner, B.M. & Ainsworth, A.M., 1996	Profiles of Fungi No. 75: Caloscypha fulgens	Mycologist Vol 10 (1): 36-37.
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
Yao, Y.-J. & Spooner, B.M., 1996	Notes on British species of Tympanis (Leotiales) with T. prunicola new to Britain	Kew Bulletin Vol 51 (1): 187-191.