Galium (bedstraws)

Interactions where Galium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is foodplant of	Halticus apterus	a plantbug or grassbug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Halticus apterus/	Halticus apterus	a plantbug or grassbug				Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws				Major		feeds on
	is foodplant of	Halticus luteicollis	a plantbug or grassbug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Halticus luteicollis/	Halticus luteicollis	a plantbug or grassbug				Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws						feeds on
	is foodplant of	Orthocephalus coriaceus	a plantbug or grassbug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Orthocephalus coriaceus/	Orthocephalus coriaceus	a plantbug or grassbug				Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws						feeds on
	has sap sucked by adult	Legnotus limbosus	a shieldbug	Hemiptera: Cydnidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Legnotus limbosus/	Legnotus limbosus	a shieldbug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws						adult sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by nymph	Legnotus limbosus	a shieldbug	Hemiptera: Cydnidae	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Legnotus limbosus/	Legnotus limbosus	a shieldbug			nymph	Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws						nymph sucks sap of
	may have larva	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips			larva	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws					(6-9)	larva may be found on
	may have female apter	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips			female apter	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws					(1-12)	female apter may be found on
	may have female macropter	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips			female macropter	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws					(6-8)	female macropter may be found on
	may have male apter	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Thripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/	Platythrips tunicatus	a thrips			male apter	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws					(5-10)	male apter may be found on
(live)	live has sap sucked by	Dysaphis pyri	Pear-bedstraw Aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri/	Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri	pear-bedstraw aphid				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		live			(late spring-)	sucks sap of live
flower (live)	live flower is grazed by adult	Cryptocephalus moraei	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus moraei/	Cryptocephalus moraei	a leaf beetle			adult	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		live	flower		(5-9)	adult grazes on live flower
inflorescence	inflorescence is galled by	Aceria galiobia	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Aceria galiobia/	Aceria galiobia	a gall mite				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			inflorescence			causes gall of inflorescence
leaf (terminal)	leaf (terminal) is galled by	Aceria galiobia	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Aceria galiobia/	Aceria galiobia	a gall mite				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf (terminal)			causes gall of leaf (terminal)
leaf	leaf is galled by	Cecidophyes galii	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Cecidophyes galii/	Cecidophyes galii	a gall mite				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf			causes gall of leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Timarcha goettingensis	Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/	Timarcha goettingensis	lesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf			larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by adult	Timarcha goettingensis	Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/	Timarcha goettingensis	lesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetle			adult	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf		(late 2-12)	adult grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Timarcha tenebricosa	Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/	Timarcha tenebricosa	bloody-nosed beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf			larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by adult	Timarcha tenebricosa	Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/	Timarcha tenebricosa	bloody-nosed beetle			adult	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf		(1-12)	adult grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Sermylassa halensis	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sermylassa halensis/	Sermylassa halensis	a leaf beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf			larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is galled by larva	Dasineura galiicola	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Dasineura galiicola/	Dasineura galiicola	a gall midge			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf			larva causes gall of leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Galiomyza morio	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Galiomyza morio/	Galiomyza morio	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaf	Sole		larva mines leaf
leaf (fading)	fading leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	hypophyllous, grouped	pycnidium	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws	?	fading	leaf		(7-10)	hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises fading leaf
leaf (fading)	fading leaf is parasitised by plurilocular, amphigenous stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria stellatarum	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria stellatarum/	Placosphaeria stellatarum	a coelomycete	plurilocular, amphigenous	stroma	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		fading	leaf			plurilocular, amphigenous stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises fading leaf
leaf (live, distorted)	live, distorted leaf has sap sucked by	Myzus cerasi	Cherry Blackfly, Cherry Aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Myzus (Myzus) cerasi/	Myzus (Myzus) cerasi	cherry blackfly, cherry aphid				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		live, distorted	leaf	Major	(summer)	sucks sap of live, distorted leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is grazed by adult	Cryptocephalus moraei	a leaf beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus moraei/	Cryptocephalus moraei	a leaf beetle			adult	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		live	leaf		(5-9)	adult grazes on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	hypophyllous, grouped	pycnidium	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws	?	live	leaf		(7-10)	hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaves (terminal)	leaves (terminal) is galled by	Trioza galii	a jumping plantlouse	Hemiptera: Triozidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Triozidae/Trioza galii/	Trioza galii	a jumping plantlouse				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			leaves (terminal)			causes gall of leaves (terminal)
root	root is parasitised by underground tuber	Orobanche caryophyllacea	Bedstraw Broomrape, Clove-scented Broomrape	Lamiales: Orobanchaceae	Flora of the British Isles, Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Orobanche caryophyllacea/	Orobanche caryophyllacea	bedstraw broomrape, clove-scented broomrape	underground	tuber		Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			root			underground tuber parasitises root
stem	stem is grazed by larva	Timarcha goettingensis	Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/	Timarcha goettingensis	lesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			stem			larva grazes on stem
stem	stem is grazed by adult	Timarcha goettingensis	Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/	Timarcha goettingensis	lesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetle			adult	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			stem		(late 2-12)	adult grazes on stem
stem	stem is grazed by larva	Timarcha tenebricosa	Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/	Timarcha tenebricosa	bloody-nosed beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			stem			larva grazes on stem
stem	stem is grazed by adult	Timarcha tenebricosa	Bloody-nosed Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/	Timarcha tenebricosa	bloody-nosed beetle			adult	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			stem		(1-12)	adult grazes on stem
stem	stem is galled by larva	Geocrypta galii	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Geocrypta galii/	Geocrypta galii	a gall midge			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws			stem			larva causes gall of stem
stem	stem is parasitised by grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	grouped	pycnidium	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws	?		stem		(7-10)	grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by effuse colony of Gyrothrix dematiaceous anamorph	Gyrothrix verticillata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Gyrothrix verticillata/	Gyrothrix verticillata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Gyrothrix dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		dead	stem		(9)	effuse colony of Gyrothrix dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by gregarious to scattered, erumpent apothecium	Pyrenopeziza galii	a discomycete	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	New British Records 187: Pyrenopeziza galii Fuckel, Spooner, B.M., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pyrenopeziza galii/	Pyrenopeziza galii	a discomycete	gregarious to scattered, erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		dead	stem			gregarious to scattered, erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (live)	live stem is galled by telium	Puccinia galii-verni	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia galii-verni/	Puccinia galii-verni	a rust fungus			telium	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/	Galium	bedstraws		live	stem			telium causes gall of live stem

Subtaxon	Rank	No of interactions	No of references
Galium aparine Cleavers, Goosegrass	Species	28 trophisms
Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw	Species	3 trophisms
Galium mollugo Hedge Bedstraw	Species	39 trophisms
Galium odoratum Woodruff	Species	22 trophisms
Galium palustre Common Marsh-bedstraw	Species	15 trophisms	1 references
Galium saxatile Heath Bedstraw	Species	22 trophisms
Galium sterneri Limestone Bedstraw	Species	4 trophisms
Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw	Species	9 trophisms
Galium verum Lady’s Bedstraw	Species	26 trophisms

Genus	Galium (bedstraws)
Family	RUBIACEAE (madder, goosegrass and bedstraws)
Order	GENTIANALES (bedstraws, gentians and periwinkles)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Galium L.
(bedstraws)

Interactions where Galium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Galium is also a member of:

Identification Works

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985	Flora of the British Isles	3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
Cox, M.L., 2007	Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland	336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Fjelddalen, J., 1964	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962	Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	Thysanoptera	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spooner, B.M., 2001	New British Records 187: Pyrenopeziza galii Fuckel	Mycologist Vol 15 (2): 76.
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)