Galium mollugo (hedge bedstraw)

Interactions where Galium mollugo is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is decayed by scattered, black, ocvered then erumpent by papilla pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph	Diplodina galii	a coelomycete	Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Diplodina galii/	Diplodina galii	a coelomycete	scattered, black, ocvered then erumpent by papilla	pycnidium	Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw				(4)	scattered, black, ocvered then erumpent by papilla pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on
(live)	live is parasitised by sporangium	Peronospora galii	a downy mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora galii/	Peronospora galii	a downy mildew			sporangium	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live				sporangium parasitises live
(live)	live is parasitised by	Neoerysiphe galii	a powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Neoerysiphe galii/	Neoerysiphe galii	a powdery mildew				Foodplant / parasite	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live				parasitises live
(live)	live is parasitised by pycnium	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia punctata/	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus			pycnium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live				pycnium parasitises live
flower (live)	live flower may have male	Melanthrips ficalbii	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Aeolothripidae/Melanthrips ficalbii/	Melanthrips ficalbii	a thrips			male	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	flower		(5-6)	male may be found on live flower
flower (live)	live flower may have larva	Melanthrips ficalbii	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Aeolothripidae/Melanthrips ficalbii/	Melanthrips ficalbii	a thrips			larva	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	flower		(6-9)	larva may be found on live flower
flower (live)	live flower may have female	Melanthrips ficalbii	a thrips	Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae	Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Aeolothripidae/Melanthrips ficalbii/	Melanthrips ficalbii	a thrips			female	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	flower		(5-8)	female may be found on live flower
leaf (base) (live)	live leaf (base) is swollen by embedded sorus	Melanotaenium endogenum	Bedstraw Smut	Ustilaginales: Melanotaeniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut	embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf (base)	Minor	(6-7)	embedded sorus causes swelling of live leaf (base)
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Halidamia affinis	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Halidamia affinis/	Halidamia affinis	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		leaf			larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by nocturnal larva	Aglaostigma aucupariae	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Aglaostigma aucupariae/	Aglaostigma aucupariae	a sawfly	nocturnal		larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		leaf			nocturnal larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by nocturnal larva	Aglaostigma fulvipes	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Aglaostigma fulvipes/	Aglaostigma fulvipes	a sawfly	nocturnal		larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		leaf			nocturnal larva grazes on leaf
leaf (fading)	fading leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	hypophyllous, grouped	pycnidium	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	fading	leaf		(7-10)	hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises fading leaf
leaf (fading)	fading leaf is parasitised by apothecium	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			apothecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	fading	leaf		(4-10)	apothecium parasitises fading leaf
leaf (fading)	fading leaf is parasitised by Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	fading	leaf		(4-10)	Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph parasitises fading leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by mainly hypophyllous, greyish white, punctiform caespituli of Ramularia anamorph	Ramularia galii	(An Anamorphic Fungus)	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia galii/	Ramularia galii	(an anamorphic fungus)	mainly hypophyllous, greyish white, punctiform	caespituli	Ramularia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf			mainly hypophyllous, greyish white, punctiform caespituli of Ramularia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	hypophyllous, grouped	pycnidium	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf		(7-10)	hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by apothecium	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			apothecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf		(4-10)	apothecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf		(4-10)	Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous aecium	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia punctata/	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus	hypophyllous		aecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf			hypophyllous aecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia punctata/	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus	amphigenous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf			amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous telium	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia punctata/	Puccinia punctata	a rust fungus	amphigenous		telium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	leaf			amphigenous telium parasitises live leaf
root	root is parasitised by underground tuber	Orobanche caryophyllacea	Bedstraw Broomrape, Clove-scented Broomrape	Lamiales: Orobanchaceae	Flora of the British Isles, Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985 New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2), Stace, C., 1997	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Orobanche caryophyllacea/	Orobanche caryophyllacea	bedstraw broomrape, clove-scented broomrape	underground	tuber		Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		root	Major		underground tuber parasitises root
shoot (live)	live shoot is swollen by embedded sorus	Melanotaenium endogenum	Bedstraw Smut	Ustilaginales: Melanotaeniaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut	embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	shoot	Minor	(6-7)	embedded sorus causes swelling of live shoot
stem mine	stem mine may house puparium	Ophiomyia galii	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Ophiomyia galii/	Ophiomyia galii	a leaf-mining fly			puparium	Plant / resting place / within		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		stem mine	Sole		puparium may be found in stem mine
stem	stem is mined by larva	Aulagromyza buhri	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Aulagromyza buhri/	Aulagromyza buhri	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		stem	Sole		larva mines stem
stem	stem may have puparium	Aulagromyza buhri	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Aulagromyza buhri/	Aulagromyza buhri	a leaf-mining fly			puparium	Plant / resting place / on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		stem	Sole		puparium may be found on stem
stem	stem may contain larva	Aulagromyza trivittata	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Aulagromyza trivittata/	Aulagromyza trivittata	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		stem	Sole		larva feeds within stem
stem	stem is mined by larva	Ophiomyia galii	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Ophiomyia galii/	Ophiomyia galii	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		stem	Sole		larva mines stem
stem	stem is foodplant of subepidermal, elongate stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria galii	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria galii/	Placosphaeria galii	a coelomycete	subepidermal, elongate	stroma	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / feeds on	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		stem		(7-8)	subepidermal, elongate stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph feeds on stem
stem	stem is parasitised by grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	Dothideales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/	Placosphaeria punctiformis	a coelomycete	grouped	pycnidium	Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw		stem		(7-10)	grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by minute, scattered, punctiform, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Septoria galiorum	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria galiorum/	Septoria galiorum	a leaf-spot fungus	minute, scattered, punctiform, black	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	dead	stem		(6)	minute, scattered, punctiform, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is spotted by slightly protruding, clear brown pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta caulicola	a coleomycete	Pleosporales	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta caulicola/	Ascochyta caulicola	a coleomycete	slightly protruding, clear brown	pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	dead	stem		(4)	slightly protruding, clear brown pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by gregarious to scattered, erumpent apothecium	Pyrenopeziza galii	a discomycete	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	New British Records 187: Pyrenopeziza galii Fuckel, Spooner, B.M., 2001	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pyrenopeziza galii/	Pyrenopeziza galii	a discomycete	gregarious to scattered, erumpent		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	dead	stem			gregarious to scattered, erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by thinly scattered, immersed soon erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Phomopsis elliptica	a coelomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Phomopsis elliptica/	Phomopsis elliptica	a coelomycete	thinly scattered, immersed soon erumpent	pycnidium	Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	dead	stem		(1-4)	thinly scattered, immersed soon erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (fading)	fading stem is parasitised by apothecium	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			apothecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	fading	stem		(4-10)	apothecium parasitises fading stem
stem (fading)	fading stem is parasitised by Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	fading	stem		(4-10)	Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph parasitises fading stem
stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by apothecium	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			apothecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	stem		(4-10)	apothecium parasitises live stem
stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Leptotrochila verrucosa/	Leptotrochila verrucosa	an ascomycete fungus			Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	stem		(4-10)	Sporonema coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live stem
stem (live)	live stem is swollen by embedded sorus	Melanotaenium endogenum	Bedstraw Smut	Ustilaginales: Melanotaeniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Melanotaenium endogenum, Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Melanotaeniaceae/Melanotaenium endogenum/	Melanotaenium endogenum	bedstraw smut	embedded		sorus	Foodplant / false gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium mollugo/	Galium mollugo	hedge bedstraw	live	stem	Minor	(6-7)	embedded sorus causes swelling of live stem

Species	Galium mollugo (Hedge Bedstraw)
Genus	Galium (bedstraws)
Family	RUBIACEAE (madder, goosegrass and bedstraws)
Order	GENTIANALES (bedstraws, gentians and periwinkles)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Galium mollugo L.
(Hedge Bedstraw)

Interactions where Galium mollugo is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Galium mollugo is also a member of:

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Benson, R.B., 1952	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985	Flora of the British Isles	3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Mordue, J.E.M., 1991	Melanotaenium endogenum	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1094.
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976	Thysanoptera	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Preece, T.F., 2002	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles	33pp, British Mycological Society
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spooner, B.M., 2001	New British Records 187: Pyrenopeziza galii Fuckel	Mycologist Vol 15 (2): 76.
Stace, C., 1997	New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2)	Second edition edition, 1130pp, Cambridge University Press