Lycoperdon echinatum Pers.
(Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball)

Interactions where Lycoperdon echinatum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			Betula	birches	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula/	Betula	birches					Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			Corylus	hazels	Fagales: Betulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Corylus/	Corylus	hazels					Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches					Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks					Minor
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			[Broadleaved trees]	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/	Broadleaved trees	broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			PINOPSIDA	conifers		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/	Pinopsida	conifers					Rare
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			Larix	larches	Pinales: Pinaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Larix/	Larix	larches					Rare
fruitbody		fruitbody is associated with			Pinus	pines	Pinales: Pinaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Lycoperdon echinatum/	Lycoperdon echinatum	spiny puffball, hedgehog puffball				fruitbody	Plant / associate			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus/	Pinus	pines					Rare

Author & Year	Title	Source
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Lycoperdon echinatum (Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Lycoperdon echinatum (Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Lycoperdon echinatum (Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball)
Genus	Lycoperdon (puffballs)
Family	AGARICACEAE (mushrooms, dapperlings and parasols, puffballs and bird’s-nests)
Order	AGARICALES (mushrooms and toadstools)
Subclass	AGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
Class	AGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Lycoperdon echinatum is also a member of:
Macromycetes - larger fungi, macrofungi (via Agaricales)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Lycoperdon echinatum (Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Stephenson, C.R.	2009	Thirty Years of Mycology - a pictorial journey	Field Mycology Vol 10 (3): 90-93.

Lycoperdon echinatum (Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Lycoperdon
(puffballs)

AGARICACEAE
(mushrooms, dapperlings and parasols, puffballs and bird’s-nests)

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Lycoperdon echinatum (Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball):

Lycoperdon
(puffballs)

AGARICACEAE
(mushrooms, dapperlings and parasols, puffballs and bird’s-nests)

AGARICALES
(mushrooms and toadstools)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers, basidiomycetes)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 13 images of Lycoperdon echinatum (Spiny Puffball, Hedgehog Puffball)

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