Phalaris arundinacea L.
(Reed Canary-grass)

Interactions where Phalaris arundinacea is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of larva Anthomyza collini an anthomyzid fly Diptera: Anthomyzidae A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera), Part 2, Roháček, J., 2009
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Anthomyzidae/Anthomyza collini/Anthomyza collinian anthomyzid flylarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grass larva feeds on
has sap sucked by adult [Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.] cinchbugs Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Ischnodemus sabuleti agg./Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.cinchbugsadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grass adult sucks sap of
has sap sucked by nymph [Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.] cinchbugs Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Ischnodemus sabuleti agg./Ischnodemus sabuleti agg.cinchbugsnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grass nymph sucks sap of
may be infected and damaged by gregarious, with smoky-brown pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta graminicola a coelomycete Pleosporales Some interesting pathogens of natural vegetation, Fletcher, H.J., 1976
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta graminicola/Ascochyta graminicolaa coelomycetegregarious, with smoky-brown porepycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grass (late summer)gregarious, with smoky-brown pore pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages
is decayed by fruitbody Psathyrella typhae a brittlestem Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella typhae/Psathyrella typhaea brittlestemfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grass fruitbody is saprobic on
(live) live has sap sucked by Foreign Rhopalomyzus lonicerae an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Rhopalomyzus (Judenkoa) lonicerae/Rhopalomyzus (Judenkoa) loniceraean aphid Foodplant / sap suckerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive (secondary host)sucks sap of live
(live) live is parasitised by UK/Ireland Blumeria graminis Grass Mildew, Grass and Cereal Powdery Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Blumeria graminis/Blumeria graminisgrass mildew, grass and cereal powdery mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by telium Major Puccinia sessilis Lily-of-the-valley, Ramsons and Arum Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia sessilis/Puccinia sessilislily-of-the-valley, ramsons and arum rusttelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassliveMajor telium parasitises live
culm culm is decayed by grouped, at first subepidermal, dark brown pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Stagonospora arenaria var arenaria a coelomycete Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Stagonospora arenaria var. arenaria/Stagonospora arenaria var. arenariaa coelomycetegrouped, at first subepidermal, dark brownpycnidiumStagonospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassculm (5-10)grouped, at first subepidermal, dark brown pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on culm
culm culm is decayed by scattered, subiculate, immersed becoming superficial perithecium UK/Ireland Lasiosphaeria dactylina an ascomycete fungus Sordariales: Lasiosphaeriaceae Lasiosphaeria dactylina sp.nov., a grass-inhabiting species, Hilber, O. & Webster, J. & Hilber, R., 1987
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Lasiosphaeriaceae/Lasiosphaeria dactylina/Lasiosphaeria dactylinaan ascomycete fungusscattered, subiculate, immersed becoming superficialperithecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassculm (4-8)scattered, subiculate, immersed becoming superficial perithecium is saprobic on culm
leaf -> sheath leaf -> sheath is mined by larva Major Cerodontha denticornis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha denticornis/Cerodontha denticornisa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleaf -> sheathMajor larva mines leaf -> sheath
leaf (near end of mine) leaf (near end of mine) may have puparium Major Agromyza albipennis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza albipennis/Agromyza albipennisa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleaf (near end of mine)Major puparium may be found on leaf (near end of mine)
leaf sheath leaf sheath may house puparium Major Cerodontha denticornis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha denticornis/Cerodontha denticornisa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleaf sheathMajor puparium may be found in leaf sheath
leaf-mine leaf-mine may house puparium Major Agromyza albipennis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza albipennis/Agromyza albipennisa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleaf-mineMajor puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf-mine leaf-mine may house puparium UK/Ireland Cerodontha incisa a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha incisa/Cerodontha incisaa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleaf-mine puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf-mine leaf-mine may house puparium Major Cerodontha lateralis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha lateralis/Cerodontha lateralisa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleaf-mineMajor puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf? leaf? is mined by larva UK/Ireland Cerodontha incisa a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha incisa/Cerodontha incisaa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleaf? larva mines leaf?
leaf leaf is mined by solitary larva Major Agromyza albipennis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza albipennis/Agromyza albipennisa leaf-mining flysolitarylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleafMajor solitary larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Major Cerodontha lateralis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha lateralis/Cerodontha lateralisa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleafMajor larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Restricted Cerodontha phalaridis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha phalaridis/Cerodontha phalaridisa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassleafSole larva mines leaf
leaf (dead, decayed) dead, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Marasmius curreyi Grass Parachute Agaricales: Marasmiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Marasmius curreyi/Marasmius curreyigrass parachutefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdead, decayedleaf fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed leaf
leaf (dead, decaying) dead, decaying leaf is decayed by fruitbody Rare Marasmius limosus a toadstool Agaricales: Marasmiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Marasmius limosus/Marasmius limosusa toadstoolfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdead, decayingleafRare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decaying leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by numerous, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phaeoseptoria phalaridis a leaf-spot fungus Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeoseptoria phalaridis/Phaeoseptoria phalaridisa leaf-spot fungusnumerous, blackpycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdeadleaf (9)numerous, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Arthrinium phaeospermum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Apiosporaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British marsh and fen fungi. II, Ellis, M.B., Ellis, E.A. & Ellis, J.P., 1951
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Apiosporaceae/Arthrinium phaeospermum/Arthrinium phaeospermuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyArthrinium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdeadleaf (esp. 7-8)colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live, distorted) live, distorted leaf may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus UK/Ireland Ustilago echinata Reed Canary-grass Smut Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago echinata/Ustilago echinatareed canary-grass smutembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive, distortedleaf embedded sorus infects and damages live, distorted leaf
leaf (live, distorted) live, distorted leaf may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus UK/IrelandRare Ustilago striiformis Stripe Smut Of Grasses Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago striiformis/Ustilago striiformisstripe smut of grassesembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive, distortedleafRare embedded sorus infects and damages live, distorted leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by mostly hypophyllous, punctiform, greyish-white or pale pinkish, linearly arranged caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foreign Ramularia collo-cygni a hyphomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
Ramularia collo-cygni, Sutton, B.C., 1991
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia collo-cygni/Ramularia collo-cygnia hyphomycetemostly hypophyllous, punctiform, greyish-white or pale pinkish, linearly arrangedcaespituliRamularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassliveleaf mostly hypophyllous, punctiform, greyish-white or pale pinkish, linearly arranged caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by mainly hypophyllous, greyish-white, punctiform but inconspicuous caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ramularia pusilla an anamorphic fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia pusilla/Ramularia pusillaan anamorphic fungusmainly hypophyllous, greyish-white, punctiform but inconspicuouscaespituliRamularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassliveleaf mainly hypophyllous, greyish-white, punctiform but inconspicuous caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium Puccinia coronata Crown Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/Puccinia coronatacrown rustamphigenous, scattered or in patchesuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassliveleaf (summer)amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous telium Puccinia coronata Crown Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/Puccinia coronatacrown rusthypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassliveleaf (mid 8-)hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium Major Puccinia sessilis Lily-of-the-valley, Ramsons and Arum Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia sessilis/Puccinia sessilislily-of-the-valley, ramsons and arum rustamphigenousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassliveleafMajor amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
ovary ovary may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus UK/Ireland Tilletia menieri a smut fungus Tilletiales: Tilletiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Tilletiales/Tilletiaceae/Tilletia menieri/Tilletia menieria smut fungusembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassovary (7-8)embedded sorus infects and damages ovary
sheath (live, distorted) live, distorted sheath may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus UK/Ireland Ustilago echinata Reed Canary-grass Smut Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago echinata/Ustilago echinatareed canary-grass smutembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive, distortedsheath embedded sorus infects and damages live, distorted sheath
sheath (live, distorted) live, distorted sheath may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus UK/IrelandRare Ustilago striiformis Stripe Smut Of Grasses Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago striiformis/Ustilago striiformisstripe smut of grassesembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive, distortedsheathRare embedded sorus infects and damages live, distorted sheath
shoot (live, distorted) live, distorted shoot may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus Ustilago echinata Reed Canary-grass Smut Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago echinata/Ustilago echinatareed canary-grass smutembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive, distortedshoot embedded sorus infects and damages live, distorted shoot
shoot (live, distorted) live, distorted shoot may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus UK/IrelandRare Ustilago striiformis Stripe Smut Of Grasses Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago striiformis/Ustilago striiformisstripe smut of grassesembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grasslive, distortedshootRare embedded sorus infects and damages live, distorted shoot
stem (base) (dead, decayed, sodden) dead, decayed, sodden stem (base) is decayed by annual, resupinate, drying dark red fruitbody Rare Physisporinus sanguinolentus Bleeding Porecrust Polyporales: Meripilaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Profiles of Fungi No. 29: Rigidoporus ulmarius (Sow.:Fr.) Imazeki, Pegler, D.N., 1990
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Physisporinus sanguinolentus/Physisporinus sanguinolentusbleeding porecrustannual, resupinate, drying dark redfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdead, decayed, soddenstem (base)Rare annual, resupinate, drying dark red fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed, sodden stem (base)
stem stem is foodplant of UK/Ireland Tournotaris bimaculata a weevil Coleoptera: Erirhinidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Erirhinidae/Tournotaris bimaculata/Tournotaris bimaculataa weevil Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassstem feeds on stem
stem stem may contain larva Calameuta filiformis Reed Stem Borer Hymenoptera: Cephidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cephidae/Calameuta filiformis/Calameuta filiformisreed stem borerlarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassstem larva feeds within stem
stem stem is galled by stroma UK/IrelandQuestionable Epichloe typhina Choke Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe typhina/Epichloe typhinachokestroma Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grass?stem stroma causes gall of stem
stem (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody Marasmius curreyi Grass Parachute Agaricales: Marasmiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Marasmius curreyi/Marasmius curreyigrass parachutefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdead, decayedstem fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by often confluent thyriothecium UK/Ireland Morenoina phragmitis a fly speck fungus Asterinales: Asterinaceae The genus Morenoina in Britain, Ellis, J.P., 1980
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Morenoina phragmitis/Morenoina phragmitisa fly speck fungusoften confluentthyriothecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdeadstem (4-8)often confluent thyriothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by pycnothyrium of anamorph UK/IrelandMinor Morenoina phragmitis a fly speck fungus Asterinales: Asterinaceae The genus Morenoina in Britain, Ellis, J.P., 1980
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Morenoina phragmitis/Morenoina phragmitisa fly speck funguspycnothyriumanamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdeadstemMinor (4-8)pycnothyrium of anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium Major Phaeosphaeria fuckelii an ascomycete Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Phaeosphaeria fuckelii/Phaeosphaeria fuckeliian ascomycetescattered, initially immersedpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdeadstemMajor (spring, summer)scattered, initially immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Arthrinium phaeospermum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Apiosporaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British marsh and fen fungi. II, Ellis, M.B., Ellis, E.A. & Ellis, J.P., 1951
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Apiosporaceae/Arthrinium phaeospermum/Arthrinium phaeospermuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyArthrinium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Phalaris arundinacea/Phalaris arundinaceareed canary-grassdeadstem (esp. 7-8)colony of Arthrinium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Benson, R.B., 1951Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(a), 49pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, J.P., 1980The genus Morenoina in BritainTBMS Vol 74 (2): 297-307.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ellis, M.B., Ellis, E.A. & Ellis, J.P., 1951British marsh and fen fungi. IITBMS Vol 34 (4): 497-514.
Fjelddalen, J., 1964Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Fletcher, H.J., 1976Some interesting pathogens of natural vegetationVol 10 (1)
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hilber, O. & Webster, J. & Hilber, R., 1987Lasiosphaeria dactylina sp.nov., a grass-inhabiting speciesTBMS Vol 89 (4): 589-593.
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Morris, M.G., 2002True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to SmicronychinaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Pegler, D.N., 1990Profiles of Fungi No. 29: Rigidoporus ulmarius (Sow.:Fr.) ImazekiMycologist Vol 04 (3): 146.
Roháček, J., 2009A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera), Part 2Cas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A) Vol 58, Supp 1.
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005Epichloë in BritainMycologist Vol 19 (2): 82-87.
Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungiMycologist 20 (3): 90-96.
Sutton, B.C., 1991Ramularia collo-cygniI.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1039.

Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary-grass) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesPhalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary-grass)
GenusPhalaris (Canary grasses)
TribePoeae (a tribe of grasses)
SubfamilyPOOIDEAE (a subfamily of grasses)
FamilyPOACEAE (grasses, couch)
OrderPOALES (grasses, sedges & rushes)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary-grass)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Briggs, M. Leersia oryzoides / Phalaris arundinacea, vegetative Yeo, P.F. Acaena, taxa with spherical heads, Plant Crib 2012
() Lansdown R.V. & Pankhurst T.J. Field Guide to the Identification of Difficult Aquatic Plants of the New Forest

Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary-grass) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary-grass):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 8 images of Phalaris arundinacea (Reed Canary-grass)
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