Pinus mugo Turra
(Dwarf Mountain Pine, Dwarf Mountain-pine)

Interactions where Pinus mugo is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		is parasitised by aecium			Coleosporium cacaliae	a rust fungus	Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Coleosporium cacaliae/	Coleosporium cacaliae	a rust fungus				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine								aecium parasitises
(live)		live is parasitised by aecium			Coleosporium asterum	(Western Pine-aster Rust)	Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae	CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Coleosporium asterum on cut flowers imported from countries outside the EU, Jones, D.R., 2006	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Coleosporium asterum/	Coleosporium asterum	(western pine-aster rust)				aecium	Foodplant / parasite		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live						aecium parasitises live
branch (small) (brittle, dead, attached, lacking needles)		brittle, dead, attached, lacking needles branch (small) is decayed by immersed apothecium			Therrya pini	an ascomycete fungus	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Therrya pini (Alb. & Schwein.) Höhn., Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Therrya pini/	Therrya pini	an ascomycete fungus		immersed		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		brittle, dead, attached, lacking needles	branch (small)				(2-7)	immersed apothecium is saprobic on brittle, dead, attached, lacking needles branch (small)
branch (brittle, dead, fallen, lacking needles)		brittle, dead, fallen, lacking needles branch is decayed by immersed apothecium			Therrya pini	an ascomycete fungus	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Therrya pini (Alb. & Schwein.) Höhn., Minter, D.W., 1996	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Therrya pini/	Therrya pini	an ascomycete fungus		immersed		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		brittle, dead, fallen, lacking needles	branch				(2-7)	immersed apothecium is saprobic on brittle, dead, fallen, lacking needles branch
branch (dead, fallen)		dead, fallen branch may contain larva			Monochamus sartor	a sawyer beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	FERA Pest Risk Analysis for Monochamus sartor, Anderson, H., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Monochamus sartor/	Monochamus sartor	a sawyer beetle				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		dead, fallen	branch		Minor			larva feeds within dead, fallen branch
cone (fallen)		fallen cone is decayed by apothecium			Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium conigenum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium conigenum/	Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete				apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		fallen	cone				(2-6)	apothecium is saprobic on fallen cone
needle (dead)		dead needle is decayed by superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph			Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)		superficial, clustered, hypophyllous	pycnidium	Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		dead	needle				(late winter to early spring)	superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (dead)		dead needle is decayed by apothecium			Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium conigenum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium conigenum/	Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete				apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		dead	needle				(2-6)	apothecium is saprobic on dead needle
needle (dead)		dead needle is decayed by immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph			Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium conigenum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium conigenum/	Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete		immersed	conidioma	Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		dead	needle				(10-11)	immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (dead)		dead needle is decayed by immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph			Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermium conigenum, Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium conigenum/	Lophodermium conigenum	a discomycete		immersed	conidioma	Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		dead	needle				(10-11)	immersed conidioma of Leptostroma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (live, 2-year old)		live, 2-year old needle of up to 20 years old trees may be infected and damaged by endophytic			Cyclaneusma minus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Marthamycetaceae	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics, Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M., 2009	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Marthamycetaceae/Cyclaneusma minus/	Cyclaneusma minus	a discomycete		endophytic			Foodplant / pathogen		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live, 2-year old	needle	up to 20 years old trees				endophytic infects and damages live, 2-year old needle of up to 20 years old trees
needle (live, locally discoloured or white)		live, locally discoloured or white needle is spotted by embedded, amphigenous apothecium			Lophodermella sulcigena	a discomycete	Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae	Lophodermella sulcigena, Millar, C.S. & Minter, D.W., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermella sulcigena/	Lophodermella sulcigena	a discomycete		embedded, amphigenous		apothecium	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live, locally discoloured or white	needle					embedded, amphigenous apothecium causes spots on live, locally discoloured or white needle
needle (live, yellow mottled)		live, yellow mottled needle may be infected and damaged by Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph			Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism	Venturiales: Venturiaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/	Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii	Rhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)				Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live, yellow mottled	needle				(mid- to late summer)	Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live, yellow mottled needle
needle (live)		live needle may be infected and damaged by Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph			Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma Needle-blight, Red Band Needle Blight - causative organism	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics, Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M., 2009	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella pini/	Mycosphaerella pini	Dothistroma needle-blight, red band needle blight - causative organism				Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live	needle					Dothistroma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live needle
trunk (dead, fallen)		dead, fallen trunk may contain larva			Monochamus sartor	a sawyer beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	FERA Pest Risk Analysis for Monochamus sartor, Anderson, H., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Monochamus sartor/	Monochamus sartor	a sawyer beetle				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		dead, fallen	trunk		Minor			larva feeds within dead, fallen trunk
twig (live)		live twig may be infected and damaged by apothecium			Gremmeniella abietina	Pine Die-back - causative organism	Helotiales: Godroniaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Gremmeniella abietina/	Gremmeniella abietina	pine die-back (causative organism)				apothecium	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live	twig		Minor			apothecium infects and damages live twig
twig (live)		live twig may be infected and damaged by Brunchorstia anamorph			Gremmeniella abietina	Pine Die-back - causative organism	Helotiales: Godroniaceae	British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Godroniaceae/Gremmeniella abietina/	Gremmeniella abietina	pine die-back (causative organism)				Brunchorstia anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinus mugo/	Pinus mugo	dwarf mountain pine, dwarf mountain-pine		live	twig		Minor			Brunchorstia anamorph infects and damages live twig

Author & Year	Title	Source
Anderson, H., 2009	FERA Pest Risk Analysis for Monochamus sartor	PRAs for consultation on pest risk management PRAs for consultation on pest risk management.
Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M., 2009	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics	Forestry Studies \| Metsanduslikud Uurimused Vol 51: 49-64.
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Jones, D.R., 2006	CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Coleosporium asterum on cut flowers imported from countries outside the EU	PRAs for consultation on pest risk management PRAs for consultation on pest risk management.
Millar, C.S. & Minter, D.W., 1998	Lophodermella sulcigena	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 562.
Minter, D.W. & Millar, C.S., 1998	Lophodermium conigenum	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 565.
Minter, D.W., 1996	Therrya pini (Alb. & Schwein.) Höhn.	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1298.
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press

Pinus mugo (Dwarf Mountain Pine, Dwarf Mountain-pine) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Pinus
(pines)

PINACEAE
(pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Evergreen trees and shrubs
(evergreens)

Trees with bark of low pH
(acid-barked trees)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Ectomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Pinus montana				Synonym

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Pinus mugo (Dwarf Mountain Pine, Dwarf Mountain-pine)
Subgenus	Pinus (Pinus) (yellow or hard (two- and three-needled) pines)
Genus	Pinus (pines)
Family	PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)
Order	PINALES (conifers)
Class	PINOPSIDA (conifers)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Pinus mugo (Dwarf Mountain Pine, Dwarf Mountain-pine)

Pinus mugo (Dwarf Mountain Pine, Dwarf Mountain-pine) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Plant Pathology
Drenkhan, R. & Hanso, M.	2009	Recent invasion of foliage fungi of pines (Pinus spp.) to the Northern Baltics	Forestry Studies \| Metsanduslikud Uurimused Vol 51: 49-64.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Pinus mugo (Dwarf Mountain Pine, Dwarf Mountain-pine):

Pinus
(pines)

PINACEAE
(pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)

PINOPSIDA
(conifers)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Ectomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

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