Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau
(Early Dog-violet)

Interactions where Viola reichenbachiana is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
(live)		live is parasitised by			Golovinomyces orontii	a polyphagous powdery mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces orontii/	Golovinomyces orontii	a polyphagous powdery mildew					Foodplant / parasite		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live						parasitises live
(live)		live is parasitised by pycnium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				pycnium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live						pycnium parasitises live
leaf vein (live)		live leaf vein is galled by spore mass			Urocystis violae	Violet Smut	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/	Urocystis violae	violet smut				spore mass	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	leaf vein				(11-7)	spore mass causes gall of live leaf vein
leaf (fading)		fading leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph			Septoria violae	a coelomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria violae/	Septoria violae	a coelomycete		epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		fading	leaf				(8-9)	epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous sporangium			Peronospora violae	Pansy Downy Mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Peronospora violae, Hall, G., 1980 A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora violae/	Peronospora violae	pansy downy mildew		hypophyllous		sporangium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	leaf				(10)11-)	hypophyllous sporangium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by amphigenous, punctiform to dense, greyish white, rarely tinged reddish or reddish brown with age caespituli of Ramularia anamorph			Ramularia lactea	an anamorphic fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia lactea/	Ramularia lactea	an anamorphic fungus		amphigenous, punctiform to dense, greyish white, rarely tinged reddish or reddish brown with age	caespituli	Ramularia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	leaf				(9-10)	amphigenous, punctiform to dense, greyish white, rarely tinged reddish or reddish brown with age caespituli of Ramularia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is galled by hypophyllous telium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust		hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	leaf					hypophyllous telium causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is galled by aecium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	leaf					aecium causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust		amphigenous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	leaf					amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
petiole (live)		live petiole is galled by aecium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	petiole					aecium causes gall of live petiole
petiole (live)		live petiole is galled by spore mass			Urocystis violae	Violet Smut	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/	Urocystis violae	violet smut				spore mass	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	petiole				(11-7)	spore mass causes gall of live petiole
rootstock (upper parts) (live)		live rootstock (upper parts) is galled by spore mass			Urocystis violae	Violet Smut	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/	Urocystis violae	violet smut				spore mass	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	rootstock (upper parts)				(11-7)	spore mass causes gall of live rootstock (upper parts)
stem (live)		live stem is galled by aecium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		live	stem					aecium causes gall of live stem
stipule (fading)		fading stipule is spotted by epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph			Septoria violae	a coelomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria violae/	Septoria violae	a coelomycete		epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola reichenbachiana/	Viola reichenbachiana	early dog-violet		fading	stipule				(8-9)	epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading stipule

Author & Year	Title	Source
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hall, G., 1980	Peronospora violae	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 977.
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Preece, T.F., 2002	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles	33pp, British Mycological Society
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Viola reichenbachiana (Early Dog-violet) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Viola
(violets, pansies)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Viola reichenbachiana (Early Dog-violet)
Genus	Viola (violets, pansies)
Family	VIOLACEAE (violets, pansies)
Order	MALPIGHIALES (poplars, willows, St John’s worts, spurges and violets)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Viola reichenbachiana is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Violaceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Viola reichenbachiana (Early Dog-violet)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Partridge, J.	2007	Viola x bavarica: the punctual Dog-violet?	BSBI News 106: 8-9, inside rear cover.
	Pratt, E.	2005	Viola reichenbachiana lower petal veins	BSBI News No 100: 27.

Viola reichenbachiana (Early Dog-violet) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Viola
(violets, pansies)

VIOLACEAE
(violets, pansies)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Viola reichenbachiana (Early Dog-violet):

Viola
(violets, pansies)

VIOLACEAE
(violets, pansies)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 12 images of Viola reichenbachiana (Early Dog-violet)

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