Viola riviniana Rchb.
(Common Dog-violet, Blunt-spurred Violet)

Interactions where Viola riviniana is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
(live)		live is parasitised by pycnium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				pycnium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live						pycnium parasitises live
leaf vein (live)		live leaf vein is galled by spore mass			Urocystis violae	Violet Smut	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/	Urocystis violae	violet smut				spore mass	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf vein				(11-7)	spore mass causes gall of live leaf vein
leaf (fading)		fading leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph			Septoria violae	a coelomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria violae/	Septoria violae	a coelomycete		epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		fading	leaf				(8-9)	epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous sporangium			Peronospora violae	Pansy Downy Mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	Peronospora violae, Hall, G., 1980 A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora violae/	Peronospora violae	pansy downy mildew		hypophyllous		sporangium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf				(10)11-)	hypophyllous sporangium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Cercospora dematiaceous anamorph			Cercospora violae	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Cercospora violae/	Cercospora violae	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		amphigenous	colony	Cercospora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf				(6-7)	amphigenous colony of Cercospora dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by amphigenous, punctiform to dense, greyish white, rarely tinged reddish or reddish brown with age caespituli of Ramularia anamorph			Ramularia lactea	an anamorphic fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia lactea/	Ramularia lactea	an anamorphic fungus		amphigenous, punctiform to dense, greyish white, rarely tinged reddish or reddish brown with age	caespituli	Ramularia anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf				(9-10)	amphigenous, punctiform to dense, greyish white, rarely tinged reddish or reddish brown with age caespituli of Ramularia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf has leaves shot holed by sessile, often confluent sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph			Myrothecium roridum	Viola Stem Rot - causative organism	Hypocreales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Myrothecium roridum/	Myrothecium roridum	viola stem rot - causative organism		sessile, often confluent	sporodochium	Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / shot hole causer			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf				(6-7)	sessile, often confluent sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is galled by hypophyllous telium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust		hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf					hypophyllous telium causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is galled by aecium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf					aecium causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust		amphigenous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	leaf					amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
petiole (live)		live petiole is galled by aecium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	petiole					aecium causes gall of live petiole
petiole (live)		live petiole is galled by spore mass			Urocystis violae	Violet Smut	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/	Urocystis violae	violet smut				spore mass	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	petiole				(11-7)	spore mass causes gall of live petiole
rootstock (upper parts) (live)		live rootstock (upper parts) is galled by spore mass			Urocystis violae	Violet Smut	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/	Urocystis violae	violet smut				spore mass	Foodplant / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	rootstock (upper parts)				(11-7)	spore mass causes gall of live rootstock (upper parts)
stem (live)		live stem is galled by aecium			Puccinia violae	Violet Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/	Puccinia violae	violet rust				aecium	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		live	stem					aecium causes gall of live stem
stipule (fading)		fading stipule is spotted by epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph			Septoria violae	a coelomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria violae/	Septoria violae	a coelomycete		epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola riviniana/	Viola riviniana	common dog-violet, blunt-spurred violet		fading	stipule				(8-9)	epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading stipule

Author & Year	Title	Source
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hall, G., 1980	Peronospora violae	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 977.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Preece, T.F., 2002	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles	33pp, British Mycological Society
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Viola riviniana (Common Dog-violet, Blunt-spurred Violet) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Viola
(violets, pansies)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Viola riviniana (Common Dog-violet, Blunt-spurred Violet)
Genus	Viola (violets, pansies)
Family	VIOLACEAE (violets, pansies)
Order	MALPIGHIALES (poplars, willows, St John’s worts, spurges and violets)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Viola riviniana is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Violaceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Viola riviniana (Common Dog-violet, Blunt-spurred Violet)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Partridge, J.	2007	Viola x bavarica: the punctual Dog-violet?	BSBI News 106: 8-9, inside rear cover.

Viola riviniana (Common Dog-violet, Blunt-spurred Violet) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Viola
(violets, pansies)

VIOLACEAE
(violets, pansies)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Valentine, D.H.		Vegetative and cytological variation in Viola riviniana Rchb.	Warburg, E.F. Cytology and critical groups, 6pp, British Flowering Plants and Modern Systematic Methods

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Viola riviniana (Common Dog-violet, Blunt-spurred Violet):

Viola
(violets, pansies)

VIOLACEAE
(violets, pansies)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 30 images of Viola riviniana (Common Dog-violet, Blunt-spurred Violet)

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