Bombus (bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees)

Interactions where Bombus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	adult is predated by	Merops apiaster	Bee-eater, European Bee-eater	Coraciiformes: Meropidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Coraciiformes/Meropidae/Merops apiaster/	Merops apiaster	bee-eater, european bee-eater			Animal / predator		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		adult			is predator of adult
	adult is predated by	Lanius	shrikes	Passeriformes: Laniidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Laniidae/Lanius/	Lanius	shrikes			Animal / predator			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		adult			is predator of adult
	adult is predated by	Lanius collurio	Red-backed Shrike	Passeriformes: Laniidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Laniidae/Lanius collurio/	Lanius collurio	red-backed shrike			Animal / predator			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		adult	Major		is predator of adult
	adult is predated by	Muscicapa striata	Spotted Flycatcher	Passeriformes: Muscicapidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Muscicapa striata/	Muscicapa striata	spotted flycatcher			Animal / predator		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		adult			is predator of adult
	nest is predated by	Meles meles	Badger, Eurasian Badger	Carnivora: Mustelidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Mustelidae/Meles meles/	Meles meles	badger, eurasian badger			Animal / predator			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			is predator of nest
	nest is predated by	Neovison vison	American Mink	Carnivora: Mustelidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Mustelidae/Neovison vison/	Neovison vison	American mink			Animal / predator		Foreign	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			is predator of nest
	queen may give a ride to female	Scutacarus	a genus of mites	Trombidiformes: Scutacaridae	Bee Mite ID: Bee-Associated Mite Genera of the World, Klimov, P.B., O'Connor, B., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G., Redford, A. & Scher, J., 2016 Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Scutacaridae/Scutacarus/	Scutacarus	a genus of mites		female	Animal / phoresy	Relationship uncertain	UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		queen			female hitches a ride on queen
	adult may give a ride to adult	Parasitellus fucorum	Bumble Bee Mites	Mesostigmata: Parasitidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Mesostigmata/Parasitidae/Parasitellus fucorum/	Parasitellus fucorum	bumble bee mites		adult	Animal / phoresy		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		adult			adult hitches a ride on adult
	is predated by	ARANEAE	spiders		Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Araneae/	Araneae	spiders			Animal / predator		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees					is predator of
	nest animal debris may support larva	Volucella bombylans	Fool’s Bumble-bee	Diptera: Syrphidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Volucella bombylans/	Volucella bombylans	fool's bumble-bee		larva	Animal / dung / debris saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			larva feeds on animal debris nest
	adult is endoparasitoid host of larva	CONOPIDAE	thick-headed flies, or beegrabbers and waspgrabbers	Diptera	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Conopidae/	Conopidae	thick-headed flies, or beegrabbers and waspgrabbers		larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		adult			larva is endoparasitoid of adult
	nest may attract larva	Fannia canicularis	Latrine Fly, Small House-fly, Lesser House-fly	Diptera: Fanniidae	Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Fanniidae/Fannia canicularis/	Fannia canicularis	latrine fly, small house-fly, lesser house-fly		larva	Animal / associate			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			larva is associated with nest
	nest may attract larva	Fannia scalaris	a lesser house fly	Diptera: Fanniidae	Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Fanniidae/Fannia scalaris/	Fannia scalaris	a lesser house fly		larva	Animal / associate			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			larva is associated with nest
	prepupa is ectoparasitoid host of larva	Brachicoma devia	a flesh fly	Diptera: Sarcophagidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987 Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Sarcophagidae/Brachicoma devia/	Brachicoma devia	a flesh fly		larva	Animal / parasitoid / ectoparasitoid		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		prepupa			larva is ectoparasitoid of prepupa
	nest accommodates puparium	Brachicoma devia	a flesh fly	Diptera: Sarcophagidae	Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Sarcophagidae/Brachicoma devia/	Brachicoma devia	a flesh fly		puparium	Animal / resting place / within		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			puparium rests inside nest
	soil near nest accommodates puparium	Brachicoma devia	a flesh fly	Diptera: Sarcophagidae	Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Sarcophagidae/Brachicoma devia/	Brachicoma devia	a flesh fly		puparium	Animal / resting place / within		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		soil near nest			puparium rests inside soil near nest
	nest may attract larva	Macronychia griseola	a flesh fly	Diptera: Sarcophagidae	Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Sarcophagidae/Macronychia griseola/	Macronychia griseola	a flesh fly		larva	Animal / associate			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			larva is associated with nest
	nest may attract larva	Macronychia polyodon	a flesh fly	Diptera: Sarcophagidae	Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Sarcophagidae/Macronychia polyodon/	Macronychia polyodon	a flesh fly		larva	Animal / associate			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			larva is associated with nest
	nest is parasitised by female	Mutilla europaea	Large Velvet Ant	Hymenoptera: Mutillidae	Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates, Macdonald, M.A., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Mutillidae/Mutilla europaea/	Mutilla europaea	large velvet ant		female	Animal / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			female parasitises nest
	nest animal debris may support silken tube inhabiting, young, colonial larva	Aphomia sociella	Bee Moth	Lepidoptera: Pyralidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pyralidae/Aphomia sociella/	Aphomia sociella	bee moth	silken tube inhabiting, young, colonial	larva	Animal / dung / debris saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		nest			silken tube inhabiting, young, colonial larva feeds on animal debris nest
	food stores is kleptoparasitised by silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial larva	Aphomia sociella	Bee Moth	Lepidoptera: Pyralidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pyralidae/Aphomia sociella/	Aphomia sociella	bee moth	silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial	larva	Animal / kleptoparasite		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		food stores			silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial larva kleptoparasitises food stores
	cells is predated by silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial larva	Aphomia sociella	Bee Moth	Lepidoptera: Pyralidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pyralidae/Aphomia sociella/	Aphomia sociella	bee moth	silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial	larva	Animal / predator		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		cells			silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial larva is predator of cells
	larvae is predated by silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial larva	Aphomia sociella	Bee Moth	Lepidoptera: Pyralidae	Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Pyralidae/Aphomia sociella/	Aphomia sociella	bee moth	silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial	larva	Animal / predator		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees		larvae			silken tube inhabiting, older, colonial larva is predator of larvae
abdomen	abdomen of queen is endoparasitised by adult female	Sphaerularia bombi	Bumblebee Roundworm		Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Nematoda/Sphaerularia bombi/	Sphaerularia bombi	bumblebee roundworm		adult female	Animal / parasite / endoparasite		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	abdomen	queen		(Spring)	adult female endoparasitises abdomen of queen
blood	blood of queen is endoparasitised by larva	Sphaerularia bombi	Bumblebee Roundworm		Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Nematoda/Sphaerularia bombi/	Sphaerularia bombi	bumblebee roundworm		larva	Animal / parasite / endoparasite		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	blood	queen		(Spring)	larva endoparasitises blood of queen
frass	frass of queen may give a ride to larva	Sphaerularia bombi	Bumblebee Roundworm		Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Nematoda/Sphaerularia bombi/	Sphaerularia bombi	bumblebee roundworm		larva	Animal / phoresy		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	frass	queen		(Spring)	larva hitches a ride on frass of queen
gut	gut of queen is endoparasitised by larva	Sphaerularia bombi	Bumblebee Roundworm		Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Nematoda/Sphaerularia bombi/	Sphaerularia bombi	bumblebee roundworm		larva	Animal / parasite / endoparasite		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	gut	queen		(Spring)	larva endoparasitises gut of queen
reproductive system	reproductive system of queen is endoparasitised by larva	Sphaerularia bombi	Bumblebee Roundworm		Bumblebees, Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	/Animalia/Nematoda/Sphaerularia bombi/	Sphaerularia bombi	bumblebee roundworm		larva	Animal / parasite / endoparasite		UK and/or Eire	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	reproductive system	queen		(Spring)	larva endoparasitises reproductive system of queen

Stage	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Stage	Relationship	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon
queen	queen pollinates or fertilises flower	Anacamptis morio	Green-winged Orchid	Asparagales: Orchidaceae	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	queen	Plant / pollinated	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Anacamptis morio/	Anacamptis morio	green-winged orchid			flower	Major
adult	adult pollinates or fertilises flower	Dactylorhiza incarnata	Early Marsh-orchid	Asparagales: Orchidaceae	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	adult	Plant / pollinated	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Dactylorhiza incarnata/	Dactylorhiza incarnata	early marsh-orchid			flower
adult	adult pollinates or fertilises live flower	Epipogium aphyllum	Ghost Orchid	Asparagales: Orchidaceae	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	adult	Plant / pollinated	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Epipogium aphyllum/	Epipogium aphyllum	ghost orchid	?	live	flower
adult	adult pollinates or fertilises flower	Goodyera repens	Creeping Lady’s-tresses	Asparagales: Orchidaceae	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	adult	Plant / pollinated	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Goodyera repens/	Goodyera repens	creeping lady's-tresses			flower
adult	adult pollinates or fertilises flower	Orchis mascula	Early Purple Orchid, Early-purple Orchid	Asparagales: Orchidaceae	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	adult	Plant / pollinated	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Orchis mascula/	Orchis mascula	early purple orchid, early-purple orchid			flower	Major
adult	adult pollinates or fertilises flower	Orchis militaris	Soldier Orchid, Military Orchid	Asparagales: Orchidaceae	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	adult	Plant / pollinated	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Orchis militaris/	Orchis militaris	soldier orchid, military orchid			flower
adult	adult pollinates or fertilises flower	Spiranthes spiralis	Autumn Lady’s-tresses	Asparagales: Orchidaceae	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apidae/Bombus/	Bombus	bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees	adult	Plant / pollinated	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Spiranthes spiralis/	Spiranthes spiralis	autumn lady's-tresses			flower

Author & Year	Title	Source
Harrap, A. & S., 2009	Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide	2nd edition, 480pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd
Klimov, P.B., O'Connor, B., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G., Redford, A. & Scher, J., 2016	Bee Mite ID: Bee-Associated Mite Genera of the World	idtools.org/id/mites/beemites
Macdonald, M.A., 2007	Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates
Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A., 1987	Bumblebees	Naturalists’ Handbooks, 6, 92pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
van Emden, F.I.,, 1954	Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 4(a), 133pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Subtaxon	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Bombus s.s. bumble bees, humble bees	Subgenus	13 subtaxa	30 trophisms	14 references
Bombus (Psithyrus) cuckoo bees	Subgenus	6 subtaxa	11 trophisms	4 references
Bombus cryptarum Cryptic Bumblebee	Species		1 trophisms
Bombus magnus Northern White-tailed Bumblebee	Species		1 trophisms

Genus	Bombus (bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees)
Family	APIDAE (bees)
Superfamily	APOIDEA (solitary and hive bees)
Infraorder	Aculeata (aculeates: bees, wasps and ants)
Suborder	APOCRITA (bees, wasps, ants and parasitoids)
Order	HYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps)
Division	Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
Infraclass	Neoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
Subclass	PTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
Class	INSECTA (true insects)
Subphylum	HEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
Phylum	ARTHROPODA (arthropods)
Superphylum	ECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
Clade	Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
Subkingdom	EUMETAZOA (metazoans)
Kingdom	ANIMALIA (animals)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Anon.		Bumblebee pages	www.bumblebee.org
	Benton, E.	2006	Bumblebees	New Naturalists, 98, Collins
	Edwards, M. & Jenner, M.	2005	Field Guide to Bumblebees of Great Britain and Ireland	108pp
in the field ()	Falk, S.	2011	Warwickshire’s bumblebees
in the field ()	Prys-Jones, O.E. & Corbet, S.A.	1987	Bumblebees	Naturalists’ Handbooks, 6, 92pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
	Ptácek, V. & Zaludová, R.		Bumble bees	www.sci.muni.cz/ptacek/bombi.htm

Bombus Latreille, 1802
(bumble bees or humble bees & cuckoo bees)

Interactions where Bombus is the dominant partner and gains from the process

Interactions where Bombus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Bombus is also a member of:

Identification Works

General Works

Parasites

Pathology

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author	Year	Title	Source
Anon.		Bumblebee pages	www.bumblebee.org
Edwards, M. & Williams, P.	2004	Where have all the bumblebees gone, and could they ever return?	British Wildlife Vol 15, No. 5: 305-312.
Heath, J. & Alford, D.V.	1973	Provisional atlas of the insects of the British Isles. part 3 Hymenoptera - Apidae (Bombus:Psithyrus) Bumblebees.	27pp, Biological Records Centre
Parasites
Colla, S.R., Otterstatter, M.C., Gegear, R.J. & Thomson, J.D.	2006	Plight of the bumble bee: Pathogen spillover from commercial to wild populations	Biological Conservation Vol 129: 461-467.
Korner, P. & Schmid-Hempel, P.	2005	Correlates of parasite load in bumblebees in an Alpine habitat	Entomological Science Vol 8 (2): 151-160.
Pathology
Klimov, P.B., O’Connor, B., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G., Redford, A. & Scher, J.	2016	Bee Mite ID: Bee-Associated Mite Genera of the World	idtools.org/id/mites/beemites