Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)
(common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads)

Interactions where Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of larva Questionable Campiglossa misella a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Campiglossa misella/Campiglossa misellaa gall flylarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads? larva feeds on
has sap sucked by adult UK/IrelandMinor Eurygaster maura European Tortoise Bug Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Scutelleridae/Eurygaster maura/Eurygaster mauraeuropean tortoise bugadult Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsMinor adult sucks sap of
has sap sucked by nymph UK/IrelandMinor Eurygaster maura European Tortoise Bug Hemiptera: Scutelleridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Scutelleridae/Eurygaster maura/Eurygaster mauraeuropean tortoise bugnymph Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsMinor nymph sucks sap of
is parasitised by pycnium Minor Puccinia hieracii var hieracii a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/Puccinia hieracii var. hieraciia rust funguspycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsMinor pycnium parasitises
is parasitised by aecium Minor Puccinia hieracii var hieracii a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/Puccinia hieracii var. hieraciia rust fungusaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsMinor aecium parasitises
(live) live is parasitised by UK/IrelandMajor Golovinomyces cichoracearum a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/Golovinomyces cichoracearuma powdery mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveMajor parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by pycnium Major Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust funguspycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveMajor pycnium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by aecium Puccinia dioicae var arenariicola a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicola/Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicolaa rust fungusaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslive aecium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by pycnium Puccinia dioicae var arenariicola a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicola/Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicolaa rust funguspycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslive pycnium parasitises live
achene achene is galled by larva UK/IrelandMajor Urophora jaceana Knapweed Gall-fly Diptera: Tephritidae Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora jaceana/Urophora jaceanaknapweed gall-flylarva Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsacheneMajor (-9)larva causes gall of achene
capitulum? capitulum? may contain larva UK/IrelandQuestionable Acinia corniculata Scarce Knapweed Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Acinia corniculata/Acinia corniculatascarce knapweed flylarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads?capitulum? larva feeds within capitulum?
capitulum capitulum may contain larva UK/IrelandMajor Chaetorellia jaceae Lesser Golden Knapweed Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Chaetorellia jaceae/Chaetorellia jaceaelesser golden knapweed flylarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadscapitulumMajor larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum may contain larva UK/IrelandMajor Chaetostomella cylindrica a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Chaetostomella cylindrica/Chaetostomella cylindricaa gall flylarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadscapitulumMajor larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum is galled by larva UK/IrelandMajor Urophora quadrifasciata Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/Urophora quadrifasciatafour-banded knapweed gall-flylarva Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadscapitulumMajor larva causes gall of capitulum
capitulum capitulum may contain larva UK/IrelandRare Xyphosia miliaria Mottled Thistle Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Xyphosia miliaria/Xyphosia miliariamottled thistle flylarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadscapitulumRare larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum has sap sucked by nymph Oncotylus viridiflavus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavus/Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavusa plantbug or grassbugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadscapitulum nymph sucks sap of capitulum
capitulum capitulum has sap sucked by adult Oncotylus viridiflavus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavus/Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavusa plantbug or grassbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadscapitulum adult sucks sap of capitulum
capitulum (live) live capitulum may contain larva UK/IrelandRestricted Acanthiophilus helianthi Knapweed Ghost Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Acanthiophilus helianthi/Acanthiophilus helianthiknapweed ghostlarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslivecapitulumSole larva feeds within live capitulum
capitulum (live) live capitulum is galled by larva Isocolus jaceae a gall wasp Hymenoptera: Cynipidae Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic, Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Isocolus jaceae/Isocolus jaceaea gall wasplarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslivecapitulum larva causes gall of live capitulum
leaf-mine leaf-mine may house puparium Chromatomyia autumnalis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia autumnalis/Chromatomyia autumnalisa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsleaf-mine puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf leaf is mined by larva Chromatomyia autumnalis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia autumnalis/Chromatomyia autumnalisa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Restricted Liriomyza centaureae a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Liriomyza centaureae/Liriomyza centaureaea leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsleafSole larva mines leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf has leaves shot holed by punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria centaureae a coelomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria centaureae/Septoria centaureaea coelomycetepunctiformpycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / shot hole causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsfadingleaf (8-9)punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on fading leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is spotted by punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria centaureae a coelomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria centaureae/Septoria centaureaea coelomycetepunctiformpycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsfadingleaf (8-9)punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by sporangium UK/IrelandMinor Bremia lactucae s. lat. Lettuce Downy Mildew Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
New British hosts for the downy mildew Bremia lactucae, Legon, N. & Spooner, B., 2015
A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Bremia lactucae s. lat./Bremia lactucae s. lat.lettuce downy mildewsporangium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveleafMinor (9-10)sporangium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by usually hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph UK/Ireland Ramularia triboutiana an anamorphic fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia triboutiana/Ramularia triboutianaan anamorphic fungususually hypophyllouscolonyRamularia anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveleaf usually hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by uredinoid, mostly epiphyllous aecium Major Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungusuredinoid, mostly epiphyllousaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveleafMajor uredinoid, mostly epiphyllous aecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous telium Major Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungusmostly hypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveleafMajor mostly hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous uredium Major Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungusmostly hypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveleafMajor mostly hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by uredium Minor Puccinia hieracii var hieracii a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/Puccinia hieracii var. hieraciia rust fungusuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsliveleafMinor uredium parasitises live leaf
receptacle receptacle is galled by larva UK/IrelandMajor Urophora jaceana Knapweed Gall-fly Diptera: Tephritidae Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora jaceana/Urophora jaceanaknapweed gall-flylarva Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsreceptacleMajor (-9)larva causes gall of receptacle
stem stem may contain larva Melanagromyza dettmeri a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Spencer, K.A., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Melanagromyza dettmeri/Melanagromyza dettmeria leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsstem larva feeds within stem
stem stem may house puparium Melanagromyza dettmeri a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Melanagromyza dettmeri/Melanagromyza dettmeria leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsstem puparium may be found in stem
stem stem may contain larva Napomyza hirticornis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Napomyza hirticornis/Napomyza hirticornisa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsstem larva feeds within stem
stem (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody Minor Subulicystidium longisporum a resupinate fungus Trechisporales: Hydnodontaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Trechisporales/Hydnodontaceae/Subulicystidium longisporum/Subulicystidium longisporuma resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdead, decayedstemMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem
stem (dead, fallen, covered by grass) dead, fallen, covered by grass stem is decayed by stalked apothecium Major Hymenoscyphus limonium a discomycete Helotiales: Helotiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Hymenoscyphus limonium/Hymenoscyphus limoniuma discomycetestalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdead, fallen, covered by grassstemMajor (10-11)stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, covered by grass stem
stem (dead, silvery-grey-spotted) dead, silvery-grey-spotted stem is decayed by gregarious, black pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Rhabdospora coriacea a coelomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Rhabdospora coriacea/Rhabdospora coriaceaa coelomycetegregarious, blackpycnidiumRhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdead, silvery-grey-spottedstem gregarious, black pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, silvery-grey-spotted stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by immersed pseudothecium Kalmusia clivensis an ascomycete Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Kalmusia clivensis/Kalmusia clivensisan ascomyceteimmersedpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdeadstem (5-6)immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by sessile apothecium Minor Mollisia coerulans a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia coerulans/Mollisia coerulansa discomycetesessileapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdeadstemMinor (4-6)sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by erumpent apothecium Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis/Pyrenopeziza adenostylidisa discomyceteerumpentapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdeadstem (5-11)erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by sessile apothecium Unguicularia incarnatina a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Unguicularia incarnatina/Unguicularia incarnatinaa discomycetesessileapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdeadstem (4-7)sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph Phragmocephala elliptica a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Phragmocephala elliptica/Phragmocephala ellipticaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyPhragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdeadstem (4-10)effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by colony of Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph Stachybotrys dichroa a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Hypocreales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Stachybotrys dichroa/Stachybotrys dichroaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyStachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadsdeadstem (4-9)colony of Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (live) live stem is galled by larva Isocolus scabiosae a gall wasp Hymenoptera: Cynipidae Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea, Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls), Eady R.D. & Quinlan, J., 1963
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Isocolus scabiosae/Isocolus scabiosaea gall wasplarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslivestem larva causes gall of live stem
stem (live) live stem is galled by larva Phanacis centaureae a gall wasp Hymenoptera: Cynipidae Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic, Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Phanacis centaureae/Phanacis centaureaea gall wasplarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslivestem larva causes gall of live stem
stem (live) live stem is parasitised by uredium Minor Puccinia hieracii var hieracii a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/Puccinia hieracii var. hieraciia rust fungusuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslivestemMinor uredium parasitises live stem
stem (live) live stem is parasitised by telium Minor Puccinia hieracii var hieracii a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/Puccinia hieracii var. hieraciia rust fungustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheadslivestemMinor telium parasitises live stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West PalaearcticZootaxa 1301.
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Eady R.D. & Quinlan, J., 1963Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea, Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VIII, Part 1 (a), 81pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N. & Spooner, B., 2015New British hosts for the downy mildew Bremia lactucaeField Mycology Vol 16 (1): 29-32.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Preece, T.F., 2002A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles33pp, British Mycological Society
Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992Plant GallsNaturalists’ Handbooks, No 17, 99pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spencer, K.A., 1976The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and DenmarkFauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 5 (parts 1 and 2), 606pp, Scandinavian Science Press
White, I.M., 1988Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) (common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
Species sensu latoCentaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) (common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads)
GenusCentaurea (knapweeds and star-thistles)
TribeCardueae (“thistles”)
SubfamilyLACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
FamilyASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
OrderASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) (common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads)

Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) (common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) (common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 41 images of Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) (common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads)
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