Affected Part |
|
Summary |
|
|
Taxon |
Vernacular |
Classification |
References |
Darwin Classification of Active Taxon |
Active Taxon |
Active Vernacular |
Active Taxon Uncertain |
Active State |
Active Part |
Active Stage |
Relationship |
Relationship Uncertain |
Relationship Geography |
Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon |
Passive Taxon |
Passive Vernacular |
Passive Taxon Uncertain |
Passive State |
Passive Part |
Passive Stage |
Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon |
Indoors etc |
Season |
Summary |
|
|
is foodplant of larva |
|
|
Campiglossa misella |
a gall fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Campiglossa misella/ | Campiglossa misella | a gall fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / feeds on | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | ? | | | | |
| | larva feeds on |
|
|
has sap sucked by adult |
|
|
Eurygaster maura |
European Tortoise Bug |
Hemiptera: Scutelleridae |
Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Scutelleridae/Eurygaster maura/ | Eurygaster maura | european tortoise bug | | | | adult |
Foodplant / sap sucker | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | | | Minor |
| | adult sucks sap of |
|
|
has sap sucked by nymph |
|
|
Eurygaster maura |
European Tortoise Bug |
Hemiptera: Scutelleridae |
Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Scutelleridae/Eurygaster maura/ | Eurygaster maura | european tortoise bug | | | | nymph |
Foodplant / sap sucker | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | | | Minor |
| | nymph sucks sap of |
|
|
is parasitised by pycnium |
|
|
Puccinia hieracii var hieracii |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/ | Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii | a rust fungus | | | | pycnium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | | | Minor |
| | pycnium parasitises |
|
|
is parasitised by aecium |
|
|
Puccinia hieracii var hieracii |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/ | Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii | a rust fungus | | | | aecium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | | | Minor |
| | aecium parasitises |
(live) |
|
live is parasitised by |
|
|
Golovinomyces cichoracearum |
a powdery mildew |
Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/ | Golovinomyces cichoracearum | a powdery mildew | | | | |
Foodplant / parasite | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | | | Major |
| | parasitises live |
(live) |
|
live is parasitised by pycnium |
|
|
Puccinia calcitrapae |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/ | Puccinia calcitrapae | a rust fungus | | | | pycnium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | | | Major |
| | pycnium parasitises live |
(live) |
|
live is parasitised by aecium |
|
|
Puccinia dioicae var arenariicola |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicola/ | Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicola | a rust fungus | | | | aecium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | | | |
| | aecium parasitises live |
(live) |
|
live is parasitised by pycnium |
|
|
Puccinia dioicae var arenariicola |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicola/ | Puccinia dioicae var. arenariicola | a rust fungus | | | | pycnium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | | | |
| | pycnium parasitises live |
achene |
|
achene is galled by larva |
|
|
Urophora jaceana |
Knapweed Gall-fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora jaceana/ | Urophora jaceana | knapweed gall-fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / gall | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | achene | | Major |
| (-9) | larva causes gall of achene |
capitulum? |
|
capitulum? may contain larva |
|
|
Acinia corniculata |
Scarce Knapweed Fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Acinia corniculata/ | Acinia corniculata | scarce knapweed fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / internal feeder | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | ? | | capitulum? | | |
| | larva feeds within capitulum? |
capitulum |
|
capitulum may contain larva |
|
|
Chaetorellia jaceae |
Lesser Golden Knapweed Fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Chaetorellia jaceae/ | Chaetorellia jaceae | lesser golden knapweed fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / internal feeder | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | capitulum | | Major |
| | larva feeds within capitulum |
capitulum |
|
capitulum may contain larva |
|
|
Chaetostomella cylindrica |
a gall fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Chaetostomella cylindrica/ | Chaetostomella cylindrica | a gall fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / internal feeder | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | capitulum | | Major |
| | larva feeds within capitulum |
capitulum |
|
capitulum is galled by larva |
|
|
Urophora quadrifasciata |
Four-banded Knapweed Gall-fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora quadrifasciata/ | Urophora quadrifasciata | four-banded knapweed gall-fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / gall | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | capitulum | | Major |
| | larva causes gall of capitulum |
capitulum |
|
capitulum may contain larva |
|
|
Xyphosia miliaria |
Mottled Thistle Fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Xyphosia miliaria/ | Xyphosia miliaria | mottled thistle fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / internal feeder | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | capitulum | | Rare |
| | larva feeds within capitulum |
capitulum |
|
capitulum has sap sucked by nymph |
|
|
Oncotylus viridiflavus |
a plantbug or grassbug |
Hemiptera: Miridae |
Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavus/ | Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavus | a plantbug or grassbug | | | | nymph |
Foodplant / sap sucker | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | capitulum | | |
| | nymph sucks sap of capitulum |
capitulum |
|
capitulum has sap sucked by adult |
|
|
Oncotylus viridiflavus |
a plantbug or grassbug |
Hemiptera: Miridae |
Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavus/ | Oncotylus (Oncotylus) viridiflavus | a plantbug or grassbug | | | | adult |
Foodplant / sap sucker | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | capitulum | | |
| | adult sucks sap of capitulum |
capitulum (live) |
|
live capitulum may contain larva |
|
|
Acanthiophilus helianthi |
Knapweed Ghost |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Acanthiophilus helianthi/ | Acanthiophilus helianthi | knapweed ghost | | | | larva |
Foodplant / internal feeder | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | capitulum | | Sole |
| | larva feeds within live capitulum |
capitulum (live) |
|
live capitulum is galled by larva |
|
|
Isocolus jaceae |
a gall wasp |
Hymenoptera: Cynipidae |
Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic, Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Isocolus jaceae/ | Isocolus jaceae | a gall wasp | | | | larva |
Foodplant / gall | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | capitulum | | |
| | larva causes gall of live capitulum |
leaf-mine |
|
leaf-mine may house puparium |
|
|
Chromatomyia autumnalis |
a leaf-mining fly |
Diptera: Agromyzidae |
Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia autumnalis/ | Chromatomyia autumnalis | a leaf-mining fly | | | | puparium |
Plant / resting place / within | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | leaf-mine | | |
| | puparium may be found in leaf-mine |
leaf |
|
leaf is mined by larva |
|
|
Chromatomyia autumnalis |
a leaf-mining fly |
Diptera: Agromyzidae |
Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Chromatomyia autumnalis/ | Chromatomyia autumnalis | a leaf-mining fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / miner | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | leaf | | |
| | larva mines leaf |
leaf |
|
leaf is mined by larva |
|
|
Liriomyza centaureae |
a leaf-mining fly |
Diptera: Agromyzidae |
Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Liriomyza centaureae/ | Liriomyza centaureae | a leaf-mining fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / miner | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | leaf | | Sole |
| | larva mines leaf |
leaf (fading) |
|
fading leaf has leaves shot holed by punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph |
|
|
Septoria centaureae |
a coelomycete |
Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae |
Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria centaureae/ | Septoria centaureae | a coelomycete | | punctiform | pycnidium | Septoria coelomycetous anamorph |
Foodplant / shot hole causer | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | fading | leaf | | |
| (8-9) | punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on fading leaf |
leaf (fading) |
|
fading leaf is spotted by punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph |
|
|
Septoria centaureae |
a coelomycete |
Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae |
Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria centaureae/ | Septoria centaureae | a coelomycete | | punctiform | pycnidium | Septoria coelomycetous anamorph |
Foodplant / spot causer | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | fading | leaf | | |
| (8-9) | punctiform pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf |
leaf (live) |
|
live leaf is parasitised by sporangium |
|
|
Bremia lactucae s. lat. |
Lettuce Downy Mildew |
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 New British hosts for the downy mildew Bremia lactucae, Legon, N. & Spooner, B., 2015 A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002
|
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Bremia lactucae s. lat./ | Bremia lactucae s. lat. | lettuce downy mildew | | | | sporangium |
Foodplant / parasite | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | leaf | | Minor |
| (9-10) | sporangium parasitises live leaf |
leaf (live) |
|
live leaf is spotted by usually hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph |
|
|
Ramularia triboutiana |
an anamorphic fungus |
Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae |
Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia triboutiana/ | Ramularia triboutiana | an anamorphic fungus | | usually hypophyllous | colony | Ramularia anamorph |
Foodplant / spot causer | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | leaf | | |
| | usually hypophyllous colony of Ramularia anamorph causes spots on live leaf |
leaf (live) |
|
live leaf is parasitised by uredinoid, mostly epiphyllous aecium |
|
|
Puccinia calcitrapae |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/ | Puccinia calcitrapae | a rust fungus | | uredinoid, mostly epiphyllous | | aecium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | leaf | | Major |
| | uredinoid, mostly epiphyllous aecium parasitises live leaf |
leaf (live) |
|
live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous telium |
|
|
Puccinia calcitrapae |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/ | Puccinia calcitrapae | a rust fungus | | mostly hypophyllous | | telium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | leaf | | Major |
| | mostly hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf |
leaf (live) |
|
live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous uredium |
|
|
Puccinia calcitrapae |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/ | Puccinia calcitrapae | a rust fungus | | mostly hypophyllous | | uredium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | leaf | | Major |
| | mostly hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf |
leaf (live) |
|
live leaf is parasitised by uredium |
|
|
Puccinia hieracii var hieracii |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/ | Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii | a rust fungus | | | | uredium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | leaf | | Minor |
| | uredium parasitises live leaf |
receptacle |
|
receptacle is galled by larva |
|
|
Urophora jaceana |
Knapweed Gall-fly |
Diptera: Tephritidae |
Plant Galls, Redfern, M. & Askew, R.R., 1992 Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora jaceana/ | Urophora jaceana | knapweed gall-fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / gall | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | receptacle | | Major |
| (-9) | larva causes gall of receptacle |
stem |
|
stem may contain larva |
|
|
Melanagromyza dettmeri |
a leaf-mining fly |
Diptera: Agromyzidae |
Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972 The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Spencer, K.A., 1976
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Melanagromyza dettmeri/ | Melanagromyza dettmeri | a leaf-mining fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / internal feeder | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | stem | | |
| | larva feeds within stem |
stem |
|
stem may house puparium |
|
|
Melanagromyza dettmeri |
a leaf-mining fly |
Diptera: Agromyzidae |
Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Melanagromyza dettmeri/ | Melanagromyza dettmeri | a leaf-mining fly | | | | puparium |
Plant / resting place / within | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | stem | | |
| | puparium may be found in stem |
stem |
|
stem may contain larva |
|
|
Napomyza hirticornis |
a leaf-mining fly |
Diptera: Agromyzidae |
Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Napomyza hirticornis/ | Napomyza hirticornis | a leaf-mining fly | | | | larva |
Foodplant / internal feeder | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | | stem | | |
| | larva feeds within stem |
stem (dead, decayed) |
|
dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody |
|
|
Subulicystidium longisporum |
a resupinate fungus |
Trechisporales: Hydnodontaceae |
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Trechisporales/Hydnodontaceae/Subulicystidium longisporum/ | Subulicystidium longisporum | a resupinate fungus | | | | fruitbody |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead, decayed | stem | | Minor |
| | fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem |
stem (dead, fallen, covered by grass) |
|
dead, fallen, covered by grass stem is decayed by stalked apothecium |
|
|
Hymenoscyphus limonium |
a discomycete |
Helotiales: Helotiaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Hymenoscyphus limonium/ | Hymenoscyphus limonium | a discomycete | | stalked | | apothecium |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead, fallen, covered by grass | stem | | Major |
| (10-11) | stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, covered by grass stem |
stem (dead, silvery-grey-spotted) |
|
dead, silvery-grey-spotted stem is decayed by gregarious, black pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph |
|
|
Rhabdospora coriacea |
a coelomycete |
Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae |
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Rhabdospora coriacea/ | Rhabdospora coriacea | a coelomycete | | gregarious, black | pycnidium | Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph |
Foodplant / saprobe | | UK and/or Eire |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead, silvery-grey-spotted | stem | | |
| | gregarious, black pycnidium of Rhabdospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, silvery-grey-spotted stem |
stem (dead) |
|
dead stem is decayed by immersed pseudothecium |
|
|
Kalmusia clivensis |
an ascomycete |
Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Kalmusia clivensis/ | Kalmusia clivensis | an ascomycete | | immersed | | pseudothecium |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead | stem | | |
| (5-6) | immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem |
stem (dead) |
|
dead stem is decayed by sessile apothecium |
|
|
Mollisia coerulans |
a discomycete |
Helotiales: Dermateaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia coerulans/ | Mollisia coerulans | a discomycete | | sessile | | apothecium |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead | stem | | Minor |
| (4-6) | sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead stem |
stem (dead) |
|
dead stem is decayed by erumpent apothecium |
|
|
Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis |
a discomycete |
Helotiales: Dermateaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis/ | Pyrenopeziza adenostylidis | a discomycete | | erumpent | | apothecium |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead | stem | | |
| (5-11) | erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem |
stem (dead) |
|
dead stem is decayed by sessile apothecium |
|
|
Unguicularia incarnatina |
a discomycete |
Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Unguicularia incarnatina/ | Unguicularia incarnatina | a discomycete | | sessile | | apothecium |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead | stem | | |
| (4-7) | sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead stem |
stem (dead) |
|
dead stem is decayed by effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph |
|
|
Phragmocephala elliptica |
a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus |
|
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Phragmocephala elliptica/ | Phragmocephala elliptica | a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus | | effuse | colony | Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead | stem | | |
| (4-10) | effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem |
stem (dead) |
|
dead stem is decayed by colony of Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph |
|
|
Stachybotrys dichroa |
a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus |
Hypocreales |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
|
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Stachybotrys dichroa/ | Stachybotrys dichroa | a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus | | | colony | Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph |
Foodplant / saprobe | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | dead | stem | | |
| (4-9) | colony of Stachybotrys dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem |
stem (live) |
|
live stem is galled by larva |
|
|
Isocolus scabiosae |
a gall wasp |
Hymenoptera: Cynipidae |
Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea, Key to families and subfamilies and Cynipinae (including galls), Eady R.D. & Quinlan, J., 1963
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Isocolus scabiosae/ | Isocolus scabiosae | a gall wasp | | | | larva |
Foodplant / gall | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | stem | | |
| | larva causes gall of live stem |
stem (live) |
|
live stem is galled by larva |
|
|
Phanacis centaureae |
a gall wasp |
Hymenoptera: Cynipidae |
Catalogue of parasitoids and inquilines in galls of Aylacini, Diplolepidini and Pediaspidini (Hym., Cynipidae) in the West Palaearctic, Askew, R.R., Plantard, O., Gomez, J.F., Nieves, M.H. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., 2006
|
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Cynipidae/Phanacis centaureae/ | Phanacis centaureae | a gall wasp | | | | larva |
Foodplant / gall | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | stem | | |
| | larva causes gall of live stem |
stem (live) |
|
live stem is parasitised by uredium |
|
|
Puccinia hieracii var hieracii |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/ | Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii | a rust fungus | | | | uredium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | stem | | Minor |
| | uredium parasitises live stem |
stem (live) |
|
live stem is parasitised by telium |
|
|
Puccinia hieracii var hieracii |
a rust fungus |
Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae |
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
|
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii/ | Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii | a rust fungus | | | | telium |
Foodplant / parasite | | |
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii)/ | Centaurea nigra sens. lat. (=nigra/debeauxii) | common knapweed, lesser knapweed, hardheads | | live | stem | | Minor |
| | telium parasitises live stem |