Cirsium Mill.
(thistle)

Interactions where Cirsium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is grazed by larva Neocrepidodera ferruginea Wheat Flea Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Neocrepidodera ferruginea/Neocrepidodera ferrugineawheat flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle larva grazes on
is grazed by larva Neocrepidodera transversa a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Neocrepidodera transversa/Neocrepidodera transversaa flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle larva grazes on
is grazed by larva Sphaeroderma rubidum a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sphaeroderma rubidum/Sphaeroderma rubiduma flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle larva grazes on
is grazed by larva Sphaeroderma testaceum a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sphaeroderma testaceum/Sphaeroderma testaceuma flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle larva grazes on
is foodplant of Hadroplontus litura a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Hadroplontus litura/Hadroplontus lituraa weevil Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle feeds on
is foodplant of larva Trichosirocalus horridus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Trichosirocalus horridus/Trichosirocalus horridusa weevillarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle larva feeds on
is foodplant of Phyllobius viridicollis Green Nettle Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Phyllobius viridicollis/Phyllobius viridicollisgreen nettle weevil Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle feeds on
is foodplant of Major Tanymecus palliatus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae), Morris, M.G., 1997
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Tanymecus palliatus/Tanymecus palliatusa weevil Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/CirsiumthistleMajor feeds on
has sap sucked by Major Aphis a genus of aphids Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aphis/Aphisa genus of aphids Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/CirsiumthistleMajor sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Major Brachycaudus a genus of aphids Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Brachycaudus/Brachycaudusa genus of aphids Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/CirsiumthistleMajor sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Capitophorus a genus of aphids Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Capitophorus/Capitophorusa genus of aphids Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Capitophorus carduinus an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Capitophorus carduinus/Capitophorus carduinusan aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Capitophorus elaeagni an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Capitophorus elaeagni/Capitophorus elaeagnian aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle sucks sap of
has sap sucked by Major Uroleucon a genus of aphids Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Uroleucon/Uroleucona genus of aphids Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/CirsiumthistleMajor sucks sap of
capitulum capitulum may contain larva Larinus carlinae a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Larinus carlinae/Larinus carlinaea weevillarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlecapitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum may contain larva UK/Ireland Rhinocyllus conicus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Rhinocyllus conicus/Rhinocyllus conicusa weevillarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlecapitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum is galled by larva Tephritis conura Melancholy Thistle Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Tephritis conura/Tephritis conuramelancholy thistle flylarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlecapitulum larva causes gall of capitulum
flower (live) live flower may house larva Haplothrips distinguendus a thrips Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Phlaeothripidae/Haplothrips distinguendus/Haplothrips distinguendusa thripslarva Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleliveflower (7-8)larva may be found in live flower
flower (live) live flower may house adult Haplothrips distinguendus a thrips Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Phlaeothripidae/Haplothrips distinguendus/Haplothrips distinguendusa thripsadult Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleliveflower (6-8)adult may be found in live flower
inflorescence inflorescence is galled by larva Urophora stylata Spear-thistle Gall-fly Diptera: Tephritidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Urophora stylata/Urophora stylataspear-thistle gall-flylarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleinflorescence larva causes gall of inflorescence
leaf (upper surface) leaf (upper surface) is mined by larva Questionable Phytomyza cirsii a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza cirsii/Phytomyza cirsiia leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle?leaf (upper surface) larva mines leaf (upper surface)
leaf leaf is grazed by mobile cased larva Questionable Cryptocephalus exiguus Pashford Pot Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus exiguus/Cryptocephalus exiguuspashford pot beetlelarva Foodplant / mobile cased feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle?leaf larva grazes in mobile case on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Cassida rubiginosa Thistle Tortoise Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cassida rubiginosa/Cassida rubiginosathistle tortoise beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Cassida vibex a tortoise beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cassida vibex/Cassida vibexa tortoise beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva UK/Ireland Liriomyza strigata a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Liriomyza strigata/Liriomyza strigataa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleleaf larva mines leaf
leaf leaf may have puparium Questionable Phytomyza cirsii a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza cirsii/Phytomyza cirsiia leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistle?leaf puparium may be found on leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Scrobipalpa acuminatella Pointed Groundling Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae Agromyzidae Newsletter No 4, October 2017, Anon, 2017
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Gelechiidae/Scrobipalpa acuminatella/Scrobipalpa acuminatellapointed groundlinglarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleleaf larva mines leaf
pollen? pollen? is foodplant of adult Bruchidius varius a seed beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Bruchidius varius/Bruchidius variusa seed beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlepollen? (late 7-early 10, late 4)5-6)adult feeds on pollen?
pollen? pollen? is foodplant of adult Orsodacne humeralis a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Orsodacnidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Orsodacnidae/Orsodacne humeralis/Orsodacne humeralisa leaf beetleadult Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlepollen? (3-6)adult feeds on pollen?
root root is parasitised by underground tuber Orobanche reticulata Thistle Broomrape Lamiales: Orobanchaceae Flora of the British Isles, Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985
New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2), Stace, C., 1997
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Orobanche reticulata/Orobanche reticulatathistle broomrapeundergroundtuber Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistleroot underground tuber parasitises root
rosette rosette is foodplant of larva Cheilosia proxima a hoverfly Diptera: Syrphidae Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Cheilosia proxima/Cheilosia proximaa hoverflylarva Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlerosette larva feeds on rosette
stem? stem? may contain larva Ceratapion carduorum a seed weevil Coleoptera: Apionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Ceratapion carduorum/Ceratapion carduoruma seed weevillarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem? larva feeds within stem?
stem stem may contain larva Agapanthia villosoviridescens Golden-bloomed Grey Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Agapanthia villosoviridescens/Agapanthia villosoviridescensgolden-bloomed grey longhorn beetlelarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds within stem
stem stem may contain larva Foreign Cleonis pigra Large Thistle Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Cleonis pigra/Cleonis pigralarge thistle weevillarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds within stem
stem stem may contain larva Foreign Lixus filiformis a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Lixus filiformis/Lixus filiformisa weevillarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds within stem
stem stem is foodplant of larva UK/Ireland Lixus pulverulentus a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Lixus pulverulentus/Lixus pulverulentusa weevillarva Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds on stem
stem stem may contain larva Ceratapion gibbirostre a seed weevil Coleoptera: Apionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Ceratapion gibbirostre/Ceratapion gibbirostrea seed weevillarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds within stem
stem stem may contain larva Ceratapion onopordi a seed weevil Coleoptera: Apionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Apionidae/Ceratapion onopordi/Ceratapion onopordia seed weevillarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds within stem
stem stem may contain larva Mordellistena pumila a tumbling flower beetle Coleoptera: Mordellidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Mordellidae/Mordellistena pumila/Mordellistena pumilaa tumbling flower beetlelarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds within stem
stem stem may contain larva Melanagromyza aeneoventris a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Melanagromyza aeneoventris/Melanagromyza aeneoventrisa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem larva feeds within stem
stem stem may house puparium Melanagromyza aeneoventris a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Melanagromyza aeneoventris/Melanagromyza aeneoventrisa leaf-mining flypuparium Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem puparium may be found in stem
stem stem has sap sucked by Uroleucon cirsii an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Uroleucon (Uroleucon) cirsii/Uroleucon (Uroleucon) cirsiian aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem (6-9)sucks sap of stem
stem stem has sap sucked by Uroleucon aeneum an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Uroleucon (Uromelan) aeneum/Uroleucon (Uromelan) aeneuman aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlestem (6-9)sucks sap of stem
stem (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stem is decayed by basidiome Calyptella campanula Bell Hoodie Agaricales: Marasmiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Calyptella campanula/Calyptella campanulabell hoodiebasidiome Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistledead, decayedstem basidiome is saprobic on dead, decayed stem
stem (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody Lachnella villosa a cyphelloid fungus Agaricales: Niaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Niaceae/Lachnella villosa/Lachnella villosaa cyphelloid fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistledead, decayedstem fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem
stem (dead, decaying) dead, decaying stem is decayed by fruitbody Typhula uncialis a minute club fungus Agaricales: Typhulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula uncialis/Typhula uncialisa minute club fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistledead, decayingstem (spring-summer)fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decaying stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by apothecium Pyrenopeziza revincta a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pyrenopeziza revincta/Pyrenopeziza revinctaa discomyceteapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistledeadstem apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by fruitbody Major Typhula micans a minute club fungus Agaricales: Typhulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula micans/Typhula micansa minute club fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/CirsiumthistledeadstemMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dying) dying stem is decayed by fruitbody Major Typhula micans a minute club fungus Agaricales: Typhulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula micans/Typhula micansa minute club fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/CirsiumthistledyingstemMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dying stem
stem (rotting) rotting stem is decayed by almost sessile or shortly stalked apothecium Pseudombrophila deerrata a discomycete Pezizales: Pyronemataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Pezizomycetes/Pezizales/Pyronemataceae/Pseudombrophila deerrata/Pseudombrophila deerrataa discomycetealmost sessile or shortly stalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium/Cirsiumthistlerottingstem (5-11)almost sessile or shortly stalked apothecium is saprobic on rotting stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Anon, 2017Agromyzidae Newsletter No 4, October 2017Agromyzidae Recording Scheme Newsletter.
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985Flora of the British Isles3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2British Wildlife Vol 19, No 1: 35-43.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Morris, M.G., 1990Orthocerous WeevilsHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5 Part 16, 108pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Morris, M.G., 1997Broad-Nosed Weevils (Entiminae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17a, 106pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Morris, M.G., 2002True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to SmicronychinaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976ThysanopteraHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Rotheray, G.E., 1989Aphid PredatorsNaturalists' Handbooks, 11, 77pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Rotheray, G.E., 1993Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and EuropeDiperists Digest Dipterists Digest No. 9.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
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Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Cirsium (thistle) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Cirsium acaule
Dwarf Thistle, Stemless Thistle, Picnic Thistle
Species 8 trophisms
Cirsium arvense
Creeping Thistle
Species 66 trophisms
Cirsium dissectum
Meadow Thistle
Species 11 trophisms 1 references
Cirsium eriophorum
Woolly Thistle
Species 18 trophisms
Cirsium erisithales
Yellow Thistle
Species 1 trophisms
Cirsium heterophyllum
Melancholy Thistle
Species 12 trophisms
Cirsium lanceolatum
a thistle
Species 1 trophisms
Cirsium oleraceum
Cabbage Thistle
Species 10 trophisms
Cirsium palustre
Marsh Thistle
Species 45 trophisms
Cirsium tuberosum
Tuberous Thistle
Species 3 trophisms 1 references
Cirsium vulgare
Spear Thistle
Species 35 trophisms 1 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusCirsium (thistle)
TribeCardueae (“thistles”)
SubfamilyLACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
FamilyASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
OrderASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Cirsium (thistle)

Cirsium (thistle) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Cirsium (thistle):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 162 images of Cirsium (thistle)
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