The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').
Stage | Summary | Taxon | Vernacular | Classification | References | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
adult | adult pollinates or fertilises flower | Anacamptis pyramidalis | Pyramidal Orchid | Asparagales: Orchidaceae | Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009 |
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adult | adult pollinates or fertilises flower | Gymnadenia conopsea | Fragrant Orchid, Common Fragrant-orchid | Asparagales: Orchidaceae | Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009 Orchids of Northern Europe, Nilsson, S., 1979 |
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adult | adult pollinates or fertilises flower | Platanthera bifolia | Lesser Butterfly-orchid | Asparagales: Orchidaceae | Orchids of Northern Europe, Nilsson, S., 1979 |
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adult | adult pollinates or fertilises flower | Platanthera chlorantha | Greater Butterfly-orchid | Asparagales: Orchidaceae | Orchids of Northern Europe, Nilsson, S., 1979 |
Author & Year | Title | Source |
---|---|---|
Harrap, A. & S., 2009 | Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide | 2nd edition, 480pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd |
Nilsson, S., 1979 | Orchids of Northern Europe | Penguin Nature Guides, 146pp, Penguin Books |
PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:
Subtaxon | Rank | Featured subtaxa |
No of interactions |
No of references |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family | 6 subtaxa | 8 trophisms | 5 references | ||||
Family | 19 subtaxa | 30 trophisms | 29 references | ||||
Family | 21 subtaxa | 33 trophisms | 42 references | ||||
Family | 1 subtaxa | 1 trophisms | 2 references | ||||
Subfamily | 1 subtaxa | 1 trophisms | 2 references | ||||
Tribe | 1 subtaxa | 1 trophisms | 2 references | ||||
Family | 9 subtaxa | 27 trophisms | 7 references |
NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies) |
Handling & Magnification | Author | Year | Title | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coombes, S. | Captain’s European Butterfly Guide | www.butterfly-guide.co.uk/ | ||
Eeles, P. | UK Butterflies | www.ukbutterflies.co.uk | ||
Emmet, A.M., Langmaid, J. & Heath J. | 1989 | Hesperiidae to Nymphalidae (the butterflies) (vol 7(1)) | The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol 7 (Part 1), Harley Books | |
Sandars, E. | 1939 | A Butterfly Book for the Pocket | ||
Settele, J.. Shreeve, T., Konvicka, M. & van Dyck, H. (eds) | 2009 | Ecology of Butterflies in Europe | Cambridge University Press | |
() | South, R. | 1906 | The Butterflies of the British Isles | The Wayside and Woodland Series, 210pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd. |
Stokoe, W.J. | The Observer’s Book of Butterflies | Observer's Books, No 3, 191pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd. | ||
() | Thomas, J. & Lewington, R. | 1991 | The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland | 224pp, Dorling Kindersley |
Caterpillars | ||||
Carter, D.J. | 1979 | *** The Observer’s Book of Caterpillars ***(Superseded) | Observer's Books, No 79, 159pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd. | |
Microscopy | ||||
Pierce, F.N., Beirne, B.P. | 1975 | The Genitalia of the Rhopalocera and the larger British Moths | Reprint edition, 74+21 platespp, E. W. Classey |
PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:
Author | Year | Title | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Ford, E.B. | 1977 | Butterflies | The New Naturalist, No 1, Fourth edition edition, 352pp, Collins |
Heath, J. | 1970 | Provisional atlas of the insects of the British Isles. Part 1: Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Butterflies (Maps 1 to 57) | 102pp, Biological Records Centre |
English Names | |||
Marren, P. | 2004 | The English names of Butterflies | British Wildlife Vol 15, No. 6: 401-408. |
Nature Conservation | |||
Brereton, T., Roy, D., & Greatorex-Davies, N. | 2006 | Thirty Years and Counting - the contribution to conservation and ecology of butterfly-monitoring in the UK | British Wildlife Vol 17, No. 3: 162-170. |
Pathology | |||
Shaw, M.R., Stefanescu, C. & van Nouhuys, S. | Parasitoids of European butterflies | Shaw, M.R., Stefanescu, C. & van Nouhuys, S. Parasitoids of European butterflies, 27pp, Ecology of Butterflies in Europe |
Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies):
BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 820 images of PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies) |
Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.