[Viola sp. cult.]
(cultivated violets)

Interactions where [Viola sp. cult.] is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(live) live is parasitised by pycnium Puccinia violae Violet Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/Puccinia violaeviolet rustpycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetslive pycnium parasitises live
leaf vein (live) live leaf vein is galled by spore mass UK/Ireland Urocystis violae Violet Smut Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/Urocystis violaeviolet smutspore mass Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleaf vein (11-7)spore mass causes gall of live leaf vein
leaf (curled, yellowed) curled, yellowed leaf may be infected and damaged by Cucumber Mosaic virus a phytopathogenic virus Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Cucumber Mosaic virus/Cucumber Mosaic virusa phytopathogenic virus Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetscurled, yellowedleaf infects and damages curled, yellowed leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria violae a coelomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria violae/Septoria violaea coelomyceteepiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownishpycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsfadingleaf (8-9)epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is mined by larva Rare Scaptomyza flava a fruit fly Diptera: Drosophilidae A Provisional Atlas of The Leaf Miners of Warwickshire, with notes on others occurring in the Midlands, Robbins, R., 1990
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Drosophilidae/Scaptomyza flava/Scaptomyza flavaa fruit flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleafRare larva mines live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has leaves shot holed by gregarious, immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta violae a coelomycete Pleosporales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta violae/Ascochyta violaea coelomycetegregarious, immersedpycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / shot hole causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleaf (5-9)gregarious, immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by gregarious, immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta violae a coelomycete Pleosporales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta violae/Ascochyta violaea coelomycetegregarious, immersedpycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleaf (5-9)gregarious, immersed pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by colony of Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph UK/IrelandQuestionable Alternaria violae a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Alternaria violae/Alternaria violaea dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyAlternaria dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violets?liveleaf colony of Alternaria dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has leaves shot holed by sessile, often confluent sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Myrothecium roridum Viola Stem Rot - causative organism Hypocreales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Myrothecium roridum/Myrothecium roridumviola stem rot - causative organismsessile, often confluentsporodochiumMyrothecium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / shot hole causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleaf (6-7)sessile, often confluent sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph causes shot holes on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is galled by aecium Puccinia violae Violet Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/Puccinia violaeviolet rustaecium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleaf aecium causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is galled by hypophyllous telium Puccinia violae Violet Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/Puccinia violaeviolet rusthypophylloustelium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleaf hypophyllous telium causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium Puccinia violae Violet Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/Puccinia violaeviolet rustamphigenousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliveleaf amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
petal (hazy, indefinite patterned) hazy, indefinite patterned petal may be infected and damaged by Cucumber Mosaic virus a phytopathogenic virus Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Cucumber Mosaic virus/Cucumber Mosaic virusa phytopathogenic virus Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetshazy, indefinite patternedpetal infects and damages hazy, indefinite patterned petal
petiole (live) live petiole is galled by aecium Puccinia violae Violet Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/Puccinia violaeviolet rustaecium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetslivepetiole aecium causes gall of live petiole
petiole (live) live petiole is galled by spore mass UK/Ireland Urocystis violae Violet Smut Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/Urocystis violaeviolet smutspore mass Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetslivepetiole (11-7)spore mass causes gall of live petiole
rootstock (upper parts) (live) live rootstock (upper parts) is galled by spore mass UK/Ireland Urocystis violae Violet Smut Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis violae/Urocystis violaeviolet smutspore mass Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsliverootstock (upper parts) (11-7)spore mass causes gall of live rootstock (upper parts)
stem (base) (dry, brittle) dry, brittle stem (base) may be infected and damaged by abundant, sessile sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph Myrothecium roridum Viola Stem Rot - causative organism Hypocreales Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Myrothecium roridum/Myrothecium roridumviola stem rot - causative organismabundant, sessilesporodochiumMyrothecium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsdry, brittlestem (base) abundant, sessile sporodochium of Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph infects and damages dry, brittle stem (base)
stem (live) live stem is galled by aecium Puccinia violae Violet Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia violae/Puccinia violaeviolet rustaecium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetslivestem aecium causes gall of live stem
stipule (fading) fading stipule is spotted by epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria violae a coelomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria violae/Septoria violaea coelomyceteepiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownishpycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Violaceae/Viola sp. cult./Viola sp. cult.cultivated violetsfadingstipule (8-9)epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, brownish pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading stipule

Author & YearTitleSource
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Moore, W.C., 1959British Parasitic Fungi430pp, Cambridge University Press
Robbins, R., 1990A Provisional Atlas of The Leaf Miners of Warwickshire, with notes on others occurring in the MidlandsBenchmark Atlas Series, 1991? edition, 181pp, Warwickshire Museum Service
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

[Viola sp. cult.] (cultivated violets) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
interactions
No of
references
Species 9 trophisms
Species hybrid 1 trophisms
Species hybrid 12 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
Informal[Viola sp. cult.] (cultivated violets)
GenusViola (violets, pansies)
FamilyVIOLACEAE (violets, pansies)
OrderMALPIGHIALES (poplars, willows, St John’s worts, spurges and violets)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)

[Viola sp. cult.] (cultivated violets) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to [Viola sp. cult.] (cultivated violets):

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