Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.
(Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree)

Interactions where Picea abies is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
has sap sucked by adult Gastrodes grossipes Pine-cone Bug, Pine Cone Bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Gastrodes grossipes/Gastrodes grossipespine-cone bug, pine cone bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas tree adult sucks sap of
may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Armillaria honey fungi Agaricales: Physalacriaceae British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria/Armillariahoney fungi Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas tree infects and damages
needle litter is associate of fruitbody UK/Ireland Phellodon violascens Spruce Tooth Thelephorales: Bankeraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Thelephorales/Bankeraceae/Phellodon violascens/Phellodon violascensspruce toothfruitbody Plant / associateUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeneedle litter fruitbody is associated with needle litter
(dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed woody debris is decayed by fruitbody Minor Lagarobasidium detriticum a resupinate fungus Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Schizoporaceae/Lagarobasidium detriticum/Lagarobasidium detriticuma resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallen, decayedwoody debrisMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed woody debris
(dead, fallen) dead, fallen litter is decayed by fruitbody Major Tylospora fibrillosa a basidiomycete fungus Atheliales: Atheliaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Atheliales/Atheliaceae/Tylospora fibrillosa/Tylospora fibrillosaa basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallenlitterMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen litter
(decayed, fermenting) decayed, fermenting woodchip is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Leucocoprinus birnbaumii Plantpot Dapperling Agaricales: Agaricaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Leucocoprinus birnbaumii/Leucocoprinus birnbaumiiplantpot dapperlingfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedecayed, fermentingwoodchip fruitbody is saprobic on decayed, fermenting woodchip
bark bark may contain larva UK/Ireland Trypodendron lineatum Lineated Bark Beetle Coleoptera: Curculionidae Fungi associated with ambrosia beetles in Great Britain., Bakshi, B.K., 1950
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Trypodendron lineatum/Trypodendron lineatumlineated bark beetlelarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treebark larva feeds within bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Ceratosporella dematiaceous anamorph Ceratosporella novae-zelandiae a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Ceratosporella novae-zelandiae/Ceratosporella novae-zelandiaea dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCeratosporella dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadbark effuse colony of Ceratosporella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by scattered, immersed between periderm and cortex, up to 2mm broad stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Leucostoma kunzei a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Leucostoma kunzei/Leucostoma kunzeia pyrenomycetescattered, immersed between periderm and cortex, up to 2mm broadstromaCytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadbark (8-10)scattered, immersed between periderm and cortex, up to 2mm broad stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
branch (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed branch (large) is decayed by fruitbody Minor Sidera vulgaris a basidiomycete fungus Hymenochaetales Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Sidera vulgaris/Sidera vulgarisa basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallen, decayedbranch (large)Minor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed branch (large)
branch tip (live) live branch tip is galled by gallicola nymph Sacchiphantes abietis Spruce Gall Adelgid Hemiptera: Adelgidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Adelgidae/Sacchiphantes abietis/Sacchiphantes abietisspruce gall adelgidgallicola nymph Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treelivebranch tip (summer)gallicola nymph causes gall of live branch tip
branch (dead, attached) dead, attached branch is decayed by erumpent coelomycetous anamorph Foreign Tryblidiopsis pinastri a discomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Tryblidiopsis pinastri (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst., Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Tryblidiopsis pinastri/Tryblidiopsis pinastria discomyceteerumpentcoelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, attachedbranch (1-4)erumpent coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, attached branch
branch (dead, attached) dead, attached branch is decayed by erumpent, shortly stalked apothecium Foreign Tryblidiopsis pinastri a discomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Tryblidiopsis pinastri (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst., Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Tryblidiopsis pinastri/Tryblidiopsis pinastria discomyceteerumpent, shortly stalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, attachedbranch (5-7)erumpent, shortly stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, attached branch
branch (dead, corticate) dead, corticate branch is decayed by apothecium Colpoma crispum a discomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Colpoma crispum/Colpoma crispuma discomyceteapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, corticatebranch (6)apothecium is saprobic on dead, corticate branch
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch may contain larva ForeignMajor Monochamus sartor a sawyer beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae FERA Pest Risk Analysis for Monochamus sartor, Anderson, H., 2009
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Monochamus sartor/Monochamus sartora sawyer beetlelarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallenbranchMajor larva feeds within dead, fallen branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stromatic, in large groups perithecium Major Neonectria fuckeliana a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria fuckeliana/Neonectria fuckelianaa pyrenomycetestromatic, in large groupsperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadbranchMajor (3-8)stromatic, in large groups perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Neonectria fuckeliana a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria fuckeliana/Neonectria fuckelianaa pyrenomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadbranch (3-8)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (rotting, brashed) rotting, brashed branch is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Hypochnicium lyndoniae a toothed resupinate Polyporales: Meruliaceae Nodotia lyndoniae: a new addition to the British and European mycota, Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Hypochnicium lyndoniae/Hypochnicium lyndoniaea toothed resupinatefruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treerotting, brashedbranch fruitbody is saprobic on rotting, brashed branch
bud (characteristically twisted, swollen) characteristically twisted, swollen bud is swollen by crowded pseudothecium UK/Ireland Cucurbitaria piceae an ascomycete Pleosporales: Cucurbitariaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Cucurbitariaceae/Cucurbitaria piceae/Cucurbitaria piceaean ascomycetecrowdedpseudothecium Foodplant / false gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treecharacteristically twisted, swollenbud (6-12)crowded pseudothecium causes swelling of characteristically twisted, swollen bud
cone scale cone scale is parasitised by aecium Foreign Chrysomyxa pyrolata Wintergreen Rust Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae British Rust Fungi, Wilson, M., & Henderson, D., 1966
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Chrysomyxa pyrolata/Chrysomyxa pyrolatawintergreen rustaecium Foodplant / parasiteForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treecone scale aecium parasitises cone scale
cone scale (live) live cone scale is parasitised by aecium Pucciniastrum areolatum Bird Cherry Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Pucciniastrum areolatum/Pucciniastrum areolatumbird cherry rustaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treelivecone scale (8-11)aecium parasitises live cone scale
cone scale (live) live cone scale is parasitised by pycnium Pucciniastrum areolatum Bird Cherry Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Pucciniastrum areolatum/Pucciniastrum areolatumbird cherry rustpycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treelivecone scale pycnium parasitises live cone scale
cone-scale (dead) dead cone-scale is decayed by erumpent, rather crowded, in irregular lines, oblong, 1-6 chambered, black, pycnidial stroma of Amphorula coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Cytotriplospora pini a stromatic coelomycete British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Cytotriplospora pini/Cytotriplospora pinia stromatic coelomyceteerumpent, rather crowded, in irregular lines, oblong, 1-6 chambered, black, pycnidialstromaAmphorula coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadcone-scale (1-5)erumpent, rather crowded, in irregular lines, oblong, 1-6 chambered, black, pycnidial stroma of Amphorula coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead cone-scale
cone cone has sap sucked by nymph Gastrodes abietum Spruce-cone Bug, Spruce Cone Bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Gastrodes abietum/Gastrodes abietumspruce-cone bug, spruce cone bugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treecone nymph sucks sap of cone
cone cone has sap sucked by adult Gastrodes abietum Spruce-cone Bug, Spruce Cone Bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Gastrodes abietum/Gastrodes abietumspruce-cone bug, spruce cone bugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treecone adult sucks sap of cone
cone (dead) dead cone is decayed by gregarious stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Fusicoccum pini a stromatic coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Fusicoccum pini/Fusicoccum pinia stromatic coelomycetegregariousstromaFusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadcone (6)gregarious stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead cone
cone (dead) dead cone is decayed by erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe eres a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/Diaporthe eresa pyrenomyceteerumpentpycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadcone erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead cone
cone (fallen) fallen cone is decayed by pycnidium of Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Dothiorella pithya sensu Sacc. a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Dothiorella pithya sensu Sacc./Dothiorella pithya sensu Sacc.a coelomycetepycnidiumDothiorella coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treefallencone pycnidium of Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on fallen cone
cone (fallen) fallen cone is parasitised by stalked apothecium Phialea strobilina a discomycete fungus Helotiales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phialea strobilina/Phialea strobilinaa discomycete fungusstalkedapothecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treefallencone stalked apothecium parasitises fallen cone
cone (old) old cone may house hibernating adult Gastrodes abietum Spruce-cone Bug, Spruce Cone Bug Hemiptera: Lygaeidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Lygaeidae/Gastrodes abietum/Gastrodes abietumspruce-cone bug, spruce cone bugadult Plant / hibernates / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeoldcone adult hibernates inside old cone
leaf leaf is foodplant of immersed pycnidium of Macrophoma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Macrophoma parca a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Macrophoma parca/Macrophoma parcaa coelomyceteimmersedpycnidiumMacrophoma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeleaf (1)immersed pycnidium of Macrophoma coelomycetous anamorph feeds on leaf
leaf (live) live leaf may be infected and damaged by pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta piniperda a coelomycete Pleosporales British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta piniperda/Ascochyta piniperdaa coelomycetepycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveleaf pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live leaf
log (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed log (large) is decayed by fruitbody Minor Sidera vulgaris a basidiomycete fungus Hymenochaetales Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Sidera vulgaris/Sidera vulgarisa basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallen, decayedlog (large)Minor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed log (large)
log (underside) (rotting) rotting log (underside) is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Hypochnicium lyndoniae a toothed resupinate Polyporales: Meruliaceae Nodotia lyndoniae: a new addition to the British and European mycota, Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Hypochnicium lyndoniae/Hypochnicium lyndoniaea toothed resupinatefruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treerottinglog (underside) fruitbody is saprobic on rotting log (underside)
needle (first year) (live) live needle (first year) is parasitised by hypophyllous telium UK/IrelandMajor Chrysomyxa abietis Spruce Needle Cushion Rust Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
Chrysomyxa abietis, Mordue, J.E.M. & Gibson, I.A.S., 1978
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Chrysomyxa abietis/Chrysomyxa abietisspruce needle cushion rusthypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveneedle (first year)Major (3-5)hypophyllous telium parasitises live needle (first year)
needle needle is grazed by larva Restricted Gilpinia hercyniae European Spruce Combhorn Hymenoptera: Diprionidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Diprionidae/Gilpinia hercyniae/Gilpinia hercyniaeeuropean spruce combhornlarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeneedleSole larva grazes on needle
needle (dead, fallen) dead, fallen needle is decayed by colony of Dactylaria anamorph UK/Ireland Dactylaria lepida an anamorphic fungus Helotiales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
New and interesting microfungi from the 1978 Exeter foray, Hawksworth, D.L. & Minter. D.W., 1980
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dactylaria lepida/Dactylaria lepidaan anamorphic funguscolonyDactylaria anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallenneedle colony of Dactylaria anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen needle
needle (dead, fallen) dead, fallen needle is decayed by stalked apothecium Calycina subtilis a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Calycina subtilis/Calycina subtilisa discomycetestalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallenneedle (10-11)stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen needle
needle (dead, on live branch, among live) dead, on live branch, among live needle of young, shading-stunted is decayed by apothecium UK/Ireland Lirula macrospora an ascomycete fungus Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
First Steps: Little Black Spots, Minter, D., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lirula macrospora/Lirula macrosporaan ascomycete fungusapothecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, on live branch, among liveneedleyoung, shading-stunted apothecium is saprobic on dead, on live branch, among live needle of young, shading-stunted
needle (dead) dead needle is decayed by superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffiiRhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)superficial, clustered, hypophyllouspycnidiumRhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadneedle (late winter to early spring)superficial, clustered, hypophyllous pycnidium of Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (dead) dead needle is decayed by erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe eres a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/Diaporthe eresa pyrenomyceteerumpentpycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadneedle erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (dead) dead needle is decayed by colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph Chalara cylindrica a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microascales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Microascales/Chalara cylindrica/Chalara cylindricaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyChalara dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadneedle colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead needle
needle (live, yellow mottled) live, yellow mottled needle may be infected and damaged by Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii Rhizosphaera Needle Cast - causative organism Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii/Rhizosphaera kalkhoffiiRhizosphaera needle cast (causative organism)Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treelive, yellow mottledneedle (mid- to late summer)Rhizosphaera coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live, yellow mottled needle
needle (live, yellowed then shed) live, yellowed then shed needle has sap sucked by Major Elatobium abietinum Green Spruce Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Phytotoxicity of Insecticides used to Control Aphids on Sitka Spruce, Straw, N. & Fielding, N., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Elatobium abietinum/Elatobium abietinumgreen spruce aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treelive, yellowed then shedneedleMajor (1-)3-5(-12)sucks sap of live, yellowed then shed needle
needle (live) live needle is parasitised by amphigenous aecium UK/IrelandMajor Chrysomyxa rhododendri Rhododendron Rust Pucciniales: Coleosporiaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Coleosporiaceae/Chrysomyxa rhododendri/Chrysomyxa rhododendrirhododendron rustamphigenousaecium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveneedleMajor (7-9)amphigenous aecium parasitises live needle
plant (live) live plant may be infected and damaged by fruitbody UK/Ireland Armillaria borealis Northern Honey Fungus Agaricales: Physalacriaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria borealis/Armillaria borealisnorthern honey fungusfruitbody Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveplant fruitbody infects and damages live plant
root (dead) dead root is decayed by fruitbody Minor Ganoderma lucidum Lacquered Bracket Polyporales: Ganodermataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma lucidum/Ganoderma lucidumlacquered bracketfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadrootMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody UK/IrelandQuestionable Cortinarius callisteus Tawny Webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius callisteus/Cortinarius callisteustawny webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertainUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody UK/IrelandQuestionable Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus a toadstool Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus/Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteusa toadstoolfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertainUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cinnamon Webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by thin layer chromatography, Thoen, D., 1977
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius cinnamomeus/Cortinarius cinnamomeuscinnamon webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody UK/IrelandQuestionable Cortinarius collinitus Blue-girdled Webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius collinitus/Cortinarius collinitusblue-girdled webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertainUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody UK/IrelandQuestionable Cortinarius imbutus a webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius imbutus/Cortinarius imbutusa webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertainUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody UK/IrelandQuestionableMajor Cortinarius malicorius a webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius malicorius/Cortinarius malicoriusa webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertainUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliverootMajor fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Cortinarius sanguineus Bloodred Webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by thin layer chromatography, Thoen, D., 1977
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius sanguineus/Cortinarius sanguineusbloodred webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Cortinarius semisanguineus Surprise Webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by thin layer chromatography, Thoen, D., 1977
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius semisanguineus/Cortinarius semisanguineussurprise webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody UK/IrelandQuestionableRare Caloboletus calopus Bitter Beech Bolete Boletales: Boletaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Caloboletus calopus/Caloboletus calopusbitter beech boletefruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertainUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliverootRare fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Tylopilus felleus Bitter Bolete Boletales: Boletaceae Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by thin layer chromatography, Thoen, D., 1977
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Tylopilus felleus/Tylopilus felleusbitter boletefruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Questionable Gomphidius glutinosus Slimy Spike Boletales: Gomphidiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Gomphidiaceae/Gomphidius glutinosus/Gomphidius glutinosusslimy spikefruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Paxillus involutus Brown Rollrim, Poison Pax, "The Silent Killer" Boletales: Paxillaceae Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by thin layer chromatography, Thoen, D., 1977
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Paxillaceae/Paxillus involutus/Paxillus involutusbrown rollrim, poison pax, "the silent killer"fruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is parasitised by fruitbody Minor Ganoderma lucidum Lacquered Bracket Polyporales: Ganodermataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma lucidum/Ganoderma lucidumlacquered bracketfruitbody Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliverootMinor fruitbody parasitises live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody QuestionableMajor Russula nauseosa Nauseous Brittlegill Russulales: Russulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Russulaceae/Russula nauseosa/Russula nauseosanauseous brittlegillfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliverootMajor fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Questionable Russula queletii Fruity Brittlegill Russulales: Russulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Russulaceae/Russula queletii/Russula queletiifruity brittlegillfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of mycelium Foreign Sebacina incrustans Enveloping Crust Sebacinales: Sebacinaceae Ectomycorrhizas involving sebacinoid mycobionts, Urban A., Weiss, M. & Bauer, R., 2003
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Sebacinales/Sebacinaceae/Sebacina incrustans/Sebacina incrustansenveloping crustmycelium Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treeliveroot mycelium is ectomycorrhizal with live root
scale (dry) dry scale is decayed by colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph Chalara cylindrica a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microascales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Microascales/Chalara cylindrica/Chalara cylindricaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyChalara dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedryscale colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dry scale
shoot (defoliated) defoliated shoot may be infected and damaged by pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta piniperda a coelomycete Pleosporales British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta piniperda/Ascochyta piniperdaa coelomycetepycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedefoliatedshoot pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages defoliated shoot
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe eres a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/Diaporthe eresa pyrenomyceteerumpentpycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadstem erumpent pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem may have epiphytic fruitbody UK/IrelandMinor Aleurodiscus aurantius Briar Disco Russulales: Stereaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Russulales/Stereaceae/Aleurodiscus aurantius/Aleurodiscus aurantiusbriar discofruitbody Plant / epiphyteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadstemMinor fruitbody grows on dead stem
stemp (rotting) rotting stemp is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Hypochnicium lyndoniae a toothed resupinate Polyporales: Meruliaceae Nodotia lyndoniae: a new addition to the British and European mycota, Legon, N.W., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Hypochnicium lyndoniae/Hypochnicium lyndoniaea toothed resupinatefruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treerottingstemp fruitbody is saprobic on rotting stemp
stump (cut end) (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stump (cut end) is decayed by fruitbody Major Phlebiopsis gigantea a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Phanerochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Phanerochaetaceae/Phlebiopsis gigantea/Phlebiopsis giganteaa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedstump (cut end)Major fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (cut end)
stump (dead) dead stump is decayed by fruitbody Minor Ganoderma lucidum Lacquered Bracket Polyporales: Ganodermataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma lucidum/Ganoderma lucidumlacquered bracketfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadstumpMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead stump
stump (live) live stump is parasitised by fruitbody Minor Ganoderma lucidum Lacquered Bracket Polyporales: Ganodermataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Ganodermataceae/Ganoderma lucidum/Ganoderma lucidumlacquered bracketfruitbody Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treelivestumpMinor fruitbody parasitises live stump
trunk (cut end) (dead, decayed) dead, decayed trunk (cut end) is decayed by fruitbody Major Phlebiopsis gigantea a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Phanerochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Phanerochaetaceae/Phlebiopsis gigantea/Phlebiopsis giganteaa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedtrunk (cut end)Major fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed trunk (cut end)
trunk (large) (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody Rare Phlebia tremellosa Jelly Rot Polyporales: Meruliaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Phlebia tremellosa/Phlebia tremellosajelly rotfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallen, decayedtrunk (large)Rare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed trunk (large)
trunk (dead, fallen) dead, fallen trunk may contain larva ForeignMajor Monochamus sartor a sawyer beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae FERA Pest Risk Analysis for Monochamus sartor, Anderson, H., 2009
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Monochamus sartor/Monochamus sartora sawyer beetlelarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, fallentrunkMajor larva feeds within dead, fallen trunk
twig (dead, attached) dead, attached twig is decayed by erumpent coelomycetous anamorph Foreign Tryblidiopsis pinastri a discomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Tryblidiopsis pinastri (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst., Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Tryblidiopsis pinastri/Tryblidiopsis pinastria discomyceteerumpentcoelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, attachedtwig (1-4)erumpent coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, attached twig
twig (dead, attached) dead, attached twig is decayed by erumpent, shortly stalked apothecium Foreign Tryblidiopsis pinastri a discomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Tryblidiopsis pinastri (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst., Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Tryblidiopsis pinastri/Tryblidiopsis pinastria discomyceteerumpent, shortly stalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, attachedtwig (5-7)erumpent, shortly stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, attached twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by convex, pluriloculate stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foreign Valsa abietis a valsoid pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Valsa abietis/Valsa abietisa valsoid pyrenomyceteconvex, pluriloculatestromaCytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadtwig convex, pluriloculate stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by erumpent stroma Neonectria fuckeliana a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria fuckeliana/Neonectria fuckelianaa pyrenomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadtwig (3-8)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by stromatic, in large groups perithecium Major Neonectria fuckeliana a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria fuckeliana/Neonectria fuckelianaa pyrenomycetestromatic, in large groupsperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadtwigMajor (3-8)stromatic, in large groups perithecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (fallen) fallen twig is decayed by fruitbody Foreign Athelia bombacina a resupinate fungus Atheliales: Atheliaceae The Corticiaceae of Northern Europe: 2 Aleurodiscus - Confertobasidium, Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L., 1973
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Atheliales/Atheliaceae/Athelia bombacina/Athelia bombacinaa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treefallentwig fruitbody is saprobic on fallen twig
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Major Aphanobasidium pseudotsugae a resupinate fungus Agaricales: Pterulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pterulaceae/Aphanobasidium pseudotsugae/Aphanobasidium pseudotsugaea resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Sistotrema citriforme a basidiomycete fungus Cantharellales: Hydnaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Cantharellales/Hydnaceae/Sistotrema citriforme/Sistotrema citriformea basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwood fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by Major Tubulicrinis sororius a white-wash fungus Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Tubulicrinis sororius/Tubulicrinis sororiusa white-wash fungus Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodMajor is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Kneiffiella barba-jovis a resupinate fungus Hymenochaetales: Hyphodontiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hyphodontiaceae/Kneiffiella barba-jovis/Kneiffiella barba-jovisa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Xylodon crustosus a resupinate fungus Hymenochaetales: Schizoporaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Schizoporaceae/Xylodon crustosus/Xylodon crustosusa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Hyphoderma cremeoalbum a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Meruliaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Hyphoderma cremeoalbum/Hyphoderma cremeoalbuma resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwood fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Rare Phlebia tremellosa Jelly Rot Polyporales: Meruliaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Phlebia tremellosa/Phlebia tremellosajelly rotfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodRare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Rare Phanerochaete sordida a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Phanerochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Phanerochaetaceae/Phanerochaete sordida/Phanerochaete sordidaa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodRare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Major Phlebiopsis gigantea a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Phanerochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Phanerochaetaceae/Phlebiopsis gigantea/Phlebiopsis giganteaa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Major Rhizochaete radicata a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Phanerochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Phanerochaetaceae/Rhizochaete radicata/Rhizochaete radicataa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Rare Skeletocutis kuehneri a basidiomycete fungus Polyporales: Polyporaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Polyporaceae/Skeletocutis kuehneri/Skeletocutis kuehneria basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodRare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Phlebiella christiansenii a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Xenasmataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Xenasmataceae/Phlebiella christiansenii/Phlebiella christianseniia resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwood fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Phlebiella vaga Yellow Cobweb Polyporales: Xenasmataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Xenasmataceae/Phlebiella vaga/Phlebiella vagayellow cobwebfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Luellia cystidiata a basidiomycete fungus Trechisporales: Hydnodontaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Trechisporales/Hydnodontaceae/Luellia cystidiata/Luellia cystidiataa basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedead, decayedwood fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Ceratosporella dematiaceous anamorph Ceratosporella novae-zelandiae a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Ceratosporella novae-zelandiae/Ceratosporella novae-zelandiaea dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCeratosporella dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadwood effuse colony of Ceratosporella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Armillaria borealis Northern Honey Fungus Agaricales: Physalacriaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria borealis/Armillaria borealisnorthern honey fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treedeadwood fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (rotting) rotting wood is associate of fruitbody UK/IrelandMajor Buchwaldoboletus lignicola Wood Bolete Boletales: Boletaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Buchwaldoboletus lignicola/Buchwaldoboletus lignicolawood boletefruitbody Plant / associateUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/Picea abiesNorway spruce, Christmas treerottingwoodMajor fruitbody is associated with rotting wood

Author & YearTitleSource
Anderson, H., 2009FERA Pest Risk Analysis for Monochamus sartorPRAs for consultation on pest risk management PRAs for consultation on pest risk management.
Bakshi, B.K., 1950Fungi associated with ambrosia beetles in Great Britain.TBMS Vol 33 (1+2): 111-120, IN9-11.
Benson, R.B., 1951Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(a), 49pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Eriksson, J., Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L., 1973The Corticiaceae of Northern Europe: 2 Aleurodiscus - ConfertobasidiumCorticiaceae of Northern Europe, The, 2, Fungiflora
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hawksworth, D.L. & Minter. D.W., 1980New and interesting microfungi from the 1978 Exeter forayTBMS Vol 74 (3): 567-577.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Legon, N.W., 2006Nodotia lyndoniae: a new addition to the British and European mycotaMycologist 20: 97-98.
Minter, D., 1990First Steps: Little Black SpotsMycologist Vol 4(1): 38-39.
Minter, D.W., 1996Tryblidiopsis pinastri (Pers.: Fr.) P. Karst.I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1299.
Moore, W.C., 1959British Parasitic Fungi430pp, Cambridge University Press
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Straw, N. & Fielding, N., 1998Phytotoxicity of Insecticides used to Control Aphids on Sitka SpruceForestry Commission Information Notes, 5, 4pp, The Forestry Authority
Thoen, D., 1977Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by thin layer chromatographyBull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 11 (1): 39-43.
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Picea abies (Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesPicea abies (Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree)
GenusPicea (spruces)
FamilyPINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)
OrderPINALES (conifers)
ClassPINOPSIDA (conifers)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Picea abies (Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree)

Picea abies (Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Plant Pathology

Strid, Y., Schroeder, M., Lindahl, B., Ihrmark, K. & Stenlid, J. 2014 Bark beetles have a decisive impact on fungal communities in Norway spruce stem sections FungEcol Vol 07: 47-58.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Picea abies (Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 6 images of Picea abies (Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree)
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