Ilex aquifolium L.
(Holly)

Interactions where Ilex aquifolium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
may have adult Cryptocephalus pusillus a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus pusillus/Cryptocephalus pusillusa leaf beetleadult Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumholly (5-10)adult may be found on
litter is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimusa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyPhaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylitter colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Armillaria honey fungi Agaricales: Physalacriaceae British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria/Armillariahoney fungi Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumholly infects and damages
(piled, decayed) piled, decayed sawdust is decayed by fruitbody Rare Pluteus petasatus Scaly Shield Agaricales: Pluteaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus petasatus/Pluteus petasatusscaly shieldfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollypiled, decayedsawdustRare fruitbody is saprobic on piled, decayed sawdust
bark (lenticel) bark (lenticel) may have thallus UK/Ireland Calicium diploellum a lichen Teloschistales: Caliciaceae Calicium diploellum New to England!, Sanderson, N.A., 2016
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Teloschistales/Caliciaceae/Calicium diploellum/Calicium diploelluma lichenthallus Plant / resting place / onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollybark (lenticel) thallus may be found on bark (lenticel)
bark (small stems) (live, blackened) live, blackened bark (small stems) may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Phytophthora ilicis Holly Leaf Bllight - causative organism Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Holly leaf blight, RHS
Phytophthora ilicis, Hall, G., 1991
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora ilicis/Phytophthora ilicisholly leaf bllight - causative organism Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylive, blackenedbark (small stems) infects and damages live, blackened bark (small stems)
bark lenticel (live) Restricted live bark lenticel is parasitised by UK/IrelandQuestionableRestricted Mycoporum lacteum an ascomycete Mycoporaceae Calicium diploellum New to England!, Sanderson, N.A., 2016
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Mycoporaceae/Mycoporum lacteum/Mycoporum lacteuman ascomycete Foodplant / parasiteRelationship uncertainUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylivebark lenticelSole parasitises live bark lenticel
bark bark is decayed by perithecium Cosmospora viridescens a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Cosmospora viridescens/Cosmospora viridescensa pyrenomyceteperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollybark (9-5)perithecium is saprobic on bark
bark (dead, locally stained) dead, locally stained bark is decayed by subgregarious, conical, black, plurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph Cytospora aquifolii a stromatic coelomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora aquifolii/Cytospora aquifoliia stromatic coelomycetesubgregarious, conical, black, plurilocularstromaCytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, locally stainedbark (3-4)subgregarious, conical, black, plurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, locally stained bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph Cryptocoryneum condensatum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Cryptocoryneum condensatum/Cryptocoryneum condensatuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungussporodochiumCryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbark sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by velvety or spongy colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Corynespora smithii a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Corynesporascaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Corynesporascaceae/Corynespora smithii/Corynespora smithiia dematiaceous anamorphic fungusvelvety or spongycolonyCorynespora dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbark (9-6)velvety or spongy colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by Periconia dematiaceous anamorph Periconia cambrensis a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Periconia cambrensis/Periconia cambrensisa dematiaceous anamorphic fungusPericonia dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbark (8-4)Periconia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead) dead bark is spotted by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph Sporidesmium ilicinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium ilicinum/Sporidesmium ilicinuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonySporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbark effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on dead bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph Menispora ciliata a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Menispora ciliata/Menispora ciliataa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyMenispora dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbark colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by perithecium Ijuhya peristomialis a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Ijuhya peristomialis/Ijuhya peristomialisa pyrenomyceteperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbark perithecium is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead) dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph Ceratosporium fuscescens a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Sordariales: Helminthosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Helminthosphaeriaceae/Ceratosporium fuscescens/Ceratosporium fuscescensa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCeratosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbark (2-6)effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
berry berry is foodplant of adult UK/Ireland Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush Passeriformes: Turdidae Mistletoe - distribution, biology and the National Survey, Briggs, J., 1995
/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Turdidae/Turdus viscivorus/Turdus viscivorusmistle thrushadult Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyberry adult feeds on berry
berry (buried, mummified) buried, mummified berry is decayed by fruitbody Rare Tubaria dispersa Hawthorn Twiglet Agaricales: Tubariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Tubariaceae/Tubaria dispersa/Tubaria dispersahawthorn twigletfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyburied, mummifiedberryRare (late spring, early autumn)fruitbody is saprobic on buried, mummified berry
branch (large) (dying) dying branch (large) is decayed by erumpent stroma Nectria punicea var ilicis a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/Nectria punicea var. ilicisa pyrenomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydyingbranch (large) (10-5)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dying branch (large)
branch (large) (dying) dying branch (large) is decayed by crowded, stromatic perithecium Nectria punicea var ilicis a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/Nectria punicea var. ilicisa pyrenomycetecrowded, stromaticperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydyingbranch (large) (10-5)crowded, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dying branch (large)
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate) dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Melanomma pulvis-pyrius an ascomycete Pleosporales: Melanommataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Melanomma pulvis-pyrius/Melanomma pulvis-pyriusan ascomycetesuperficialpycnidiumAposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydry, hard, decorticatebranch wood (9-5)superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate) dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium Melanomma pulvis-pyrius an ascomycete Pleosporales: Melanommataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Melanomma pulvis-pyrius/Melanomma pulvis-pyriusan ascomycetesuperficial, often in very large clusterspseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydry, hard, decorticatebranch wood (9-5)superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood
branch branch is decayed by erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph Valsa ceratosperma a valsoid pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Valsa ceratosperma/Valsa ceratospermaa valsoid pyrenomyceteerumpentstromaCytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollybranch (11-3)erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on branch
branch branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium Valsa ceratosperma a valsoid pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Valsa ceratosperma/Valsa ceratospermaa valsoid pyrenomyceteimmersed, in groups of about 10perithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollybranch (11-3)immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium is saprobic on branch
branch (attached) attached branch is decayed by stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Helotiales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/Trimmatostroma betulinuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungusstromaTrimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyattachedbranch (2-5)stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on attached branch
branch (attached) attached branch is decayed by stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Helotiales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/Trimmatostroma betulinuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungusstromatic, sometimes confluentsporodochiumTrimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyattachedbranch (2-5)stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on attached branch
branch (cankered) cankered branch may be infected and damaged by Neonectria galligena Apple and Pear Canker Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria galligena/Neonectria galligenaapple and pear canker Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollycankeredbranch infects and damages cankered branch
branch (damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered) damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered branch is associate of effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph Heteroconium tetracoilum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Heteroconium tetracoilum/Heteroconium tetracoiluma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyHeteroconium anamorph Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydamp, rotten, esp. leaf-coveredbranch effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph is associated with damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered branch
branch (dead, attached) dead, attached branch is decayed by clustered, stromatic perithecium Thyronectria aquifolii a pyrenomycete Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/Thyronectria aquifoliia pyrenomyceteclustered, stromaticperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, attachedbranch (1-4)clustered, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, attached branch
branch (dead, attached) dead, attached branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Thyronectria aquifolii a pyrenomycete Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/Thyronectria aquifoliia pyrenomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, attachedbranch (1-4)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead, attached branch
branch (dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back) dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch is decayed by widely effused stroma Diatrype stigma Common Tarcrust Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Diatrype stigma/Diatrype stigmacommon tarcrustwidely effusedstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decorticate or with bark rolling backbranch (1-12)widely effused stroma is saprobic on dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch
branch (dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back) dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch is decayed by stromatic, immersed perithecium Diatrype stigma Common Tarcrust Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Diatrype stigma/Diatrype stigmacommon tarcruststromatic, immersedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decorticate or with bark rolling backbranch (1-12)stromatic, immersed perithecium is saprobic on dead, decorticate or with bark rolling back branch
branch (dead, decorticate, attached) dead, decorticate, attached branch is decayed by fruitbody Foreign Vuilleminia comedens Waxy Crust Corticiales: Corticiaceae British Vuilleminia species, Morris, I. & Roberts, P., 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Vuilleminia comedens/Vuilleminia comedenswaxy crustfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decorticate, attachedbranch fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decorticate, attached branch
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by clustered, stromatic perithecium Thyronectria aquifolii a pyrenomycete Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/Thyronectria aquifoliia pyrenomyceteclustered, stromaticperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenbranch (1-4)clustered, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch
branch (dead, fallen) dead, fallen branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Thyronectria aquifolii a pyrenomycete Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Thyronectria aquifolii/Thyronectria aquifoliia pyrenomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenbranch (1-4)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead, fallen branch
branch (dead, often grey or purple stained) dead, often grey or purple stained branch is decayed by effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph Triposporium elegans a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Asterinales: Asterinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Triposporium elegans/Triposporium elegansa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyTriposporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, often grey or purple stainedbranch (1-12)effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, often grey or purple stained branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by hysterothecium Gloniopsis praelonga an ascomycete Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Hysteriales/Hysteriaceae/Gloniopsis praelonga/Gloniopsis praelongaan ascomycetehysterothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (1-12)hysterothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph Strossmayeria basitricha a discomycete Helotiales: Helotiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Strossmayeria basitricha/Strossmayeria basitrichaa discomyceteeffusecolonyPseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by apothecium Dematioscypha dematiicola a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Dematioscypha dematiicola/Dematioscypha dematiicolaa discomyceteapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (10-4)apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Haplographium dematiaceous anamorph Dematioscypha dematiicola a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Dematioscypha dematiicola/Dematioscypha dematiicolaa discomyceteeffusecolonyHaplographium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (1-12)effuse colony of Haplographium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by apothecium Proliferodiscus pulveraceus a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Proliferodiscus pulveraceus/Proliferodiscus pulveraceusa discomyceteapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (6-9)apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Dactylosporium dematiaceous anamorph Dactylosporium macropus a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Orbiliales: Orbiliaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Orbiliomycetes/Orbiliales/Orbiliaceae/Dactylosporium macropus/Dactylosporium macropusa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyDactylosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch effuse colony of Dactylosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by perithecium Questionable Nitschkia grevillii a pyrenomycete Coronophorales: Nitschkiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Nitschkiaceae/Nitschkia grevillii/Nitschkia grevilliia pyrenomyceteperithecium Foodplant / saprobeRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (10-3)perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by stromatic, in clusters of up to 15 perithecium Nectria cinnabarina Coral Spot, Coral-spot Fungus Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria cinnabarina/Nectria cinnabarinacoral spot, coral-spot fungusstromatic, in clusters of up to 15perithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (9-3)stromatic, in clusters of up to 15 perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by sporodochium of Tubercularia anamorph Nectria cinnabarina Coral Spot, Coral-spot Fungus Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria cinnabarina/Nectria cinnabarinacoral spot, coral-spot fungussporodochiumTubercularia anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch sporodochium of Tubercularia anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by superficial perithecium Nectria pseudopeziza a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria pseudopeziza/Nectria pseudopezizaa pyrenomycetesuperficialperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (9-4)superficial perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium Neonectria coccinea Beech Bark Disease - causative organism Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/Neonectria coccineabeech bark disease (causative organism)scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30perithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (9-5)scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by Cylindrocarpon anamorph Neonectria coccinea Beech Bark Disease - causative organism Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/Neonectria coccineabeech bark disease (causative organism)Cylindrocarpon anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (9-5)Cylindrocarpon anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma Neonectria coccinea Beech Bark Disease - causative organism Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/Neonectria coccineabeech bark disease (causative organism)erumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranch (9-5)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by superficial, scattered perithecium Minor Rosellinia mammiformis a pyrenomycete Xylariales: Xylariaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Rosellinia mammiformis/Rosellinia mammiformisa pyrenomycetesuperficial, scatteredperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadbranchMinor (5-9)superficial, scattered perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen) diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch is associate of subiculate perithecium Chaetosphaerella fusca a pyrenomycete Coronophorales: Chaetosphaerellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Chaetosphaerellaceae/Chaetosphaerella fusca/Chaetosphaerella fuscaa pyrenomycetesubiculateperithecium Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydiatrypaceous fungus infested, fallenbranch (9-2)subiculate perithecium is associated with diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch
branch (diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen) diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch is associate of subiculate Oedemium dematiaceous anamorph Chaetosphaerella fusca a pyrenomycete Coronophorales: Chaetosphaerellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Chaetosphaerellaceae/Chaetosphaerella fusca/Chaetosphaerella fuscaa pyrenomycetesubiculateOedemium dematiaceous anamorph Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydiatrypaceous fungus infested, fallenbranch (9-2)subiculate Oedemium dematiaceous anamorph is associated with diatrypaceous fungus infested, fallen branch
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Helminthosporium velutinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Massarinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Massarinaceae/Helminthosporium velutinum/Helminthosporium velutinuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyHelminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadbranch effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium Chaetosphaeria cupulifera a pyrenomycete Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria cupulifera/Chaetosphaeria cupuliferaa pyrenomyceteperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadbranch (12-6)perithecium is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph Chaetosphaeria cupulifera a pyrenomycete Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria cupulifera/Chaetosphaeria cupuliferaa pyrenomycetecolonyCatenularia dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadbranch (12-6)colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa a pyrenomycete Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpaa pyrenomycetecolonyCatenularia dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadbranch (1-12)colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa a pyrenomycete Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpaa pyrenomyceteperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadbranch (1-12)perithecium is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead) fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus/Phaeostalagmus cyclosporusa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyPhaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadbranch (1-12)colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Helotiales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/Trimmatostroma betulinuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungusstromaTrimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallenbranch (2-5)stroma of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Trimmatostroma betulinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Helotiales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Trimmatostroma betulinum/Trimmatostroma betulinuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungusstromatic, sometimes confluentsporodochiumTrimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallenbranch (2-5)stromatic, sometimes confluent sporodochium of Trimmatostroma dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by effuse colony of Pleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Pleurotheciopsis bramleyi/Pleurotheciopsis bramleyia dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyPleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallenbranch (1-12)effuse colony of Pleurotheciopsis dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimusa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyPhaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallenbranch colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen) fallen branch is decayed by resupinate fruitbody Heteroradulum deglubens Blushing Crust Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Heteroradulum deglubens/Heteroradulum deglubensblushing crustresupinatefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallenbranch resupinate fruitbody is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fungus infected, fallen) fungus infected, fallen branch is associate of subiculate perithecium Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma a pyrenomycete Coronophorales: Chaetosphaerellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Coronophorales/Chaetosphaerellaceae/Chaetosphaerella phaeostroma/Chaetosphaerella phaeostromaa pyrenomycetesubiculateperithecium Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfungus infected, fallenbranch (9-4)subiculate perithecium is associated with fungus infected, fallen branch
branch (live, decorticate) live, decorticate branch is decayed by fruitbody Foreign Vuilleminia comedens Waxy Crust Corticiales: Corticiaceae British Vuilleminia species, Morris, I. & Roberts, P., 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Vuilleminia comedens/Vuilleminia comedenswaxy crustfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylive, decorticatebranch fruitbody is saprobic on live, decorticate branch
leaf (blade) leaf (blade) is mined by larva UK/IrelandRestricted Phytomyza ilicis Holly Leaf-miner, Holly Leaf Gall Fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza ilicis/Phytomyza ilicisholly leaf-miner, holly leaf gall flylarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyleaf (blade)Sole larva mines leaf (blade)
leaf (midrib) leaf (midrib) may contain larva (young) UK/IrelandRestricted Phytomyza ilicis Holly Leaf-miner, Holly Leaf Gall Fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza ilicis/Phytomyza ilicisholly leaf-miner, holly leaf gall flylarva (young) Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyleaf (midrib)Sole larva (young) feeds within leaf (midrib)
leaf leaf is foodplant of hypophyllous, scattered or in 2’s and 3’s, black, covered pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Stagonospora ilicis a coelomycete Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Stagonospora ilicis/Stagonospora ilicisa coelomycetehypophyllous, scattered or in 2’s and 3’s, black, coveredpycnidiumStagonospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyleaf (4)hypophyllous, scattered or in 2’s and 3’s, black, covered pycnidium of Stagonospora coelomycetous anamorph feeds on leaf
leaf (damp, dead, decayed) damp, dead, decayed leaf of litter is decayed by sclerotial fruitbody Rare Typhula phacorrhiza Tuberous Club Agaricales: Typhulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula phacorrhiza/Typhula phacorrhizatuberous clubsclerotialfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydamp, dead, decayedleaflitterRare sclerotial fruitbody is saprobic on damp, dead, decayed leaf of litter
leaf (dead tip) dead tip leaf may be infected and damaged by numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Dendrophoma phyllogena a coelomycete Xylariales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Dendrophoma phyllogena/Dendrophoma phyllogenaa coelomycetenumerous, subepidermalpycnidiumDendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead tipleaf (5)numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages dead tip leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, decayed) dead, fallen, decayed leaf is decayed by fruitbody Major Pellidiscus pallidus an ear toadstool Agaricales: Inocybaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Inocybaceae/Pellidiscus pallidus/Pellidiscus pallidusan ear toadstoolfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, decayedleafMajor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decayed leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, decaying) dead, fallen, decaying leaf is decayed by fruitbody Restricted Marasmius hudsonii Holly Parachute Agaricales: Marasmiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Marasmius hudsonii/Marasmius hudsoniiholly parachutefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, decayingleafSole fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, decaying leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges) dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf is decayed by solitary or clustered, short-stalked, erumpent from pseudostroma apothecium Microscypha enrhizus a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Microscypha enrhizus/Microscypha enrhizusa discomycetesolitary or clustered, short-stalked, erumpent from pseudostromaapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedgesleaf (12-1)solitary or clustered, short-stalked, erumpent from pseudostroma apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges) dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf is decayed by pseudostroma Microscypha enrhizus a discomycete Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Microscypha enrhizus/Microscypha enrhizusa discomycetepseudostroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedgesleaf (12-1)pseudostroma is saprobic on dead, fallen, deeply buried esp. under hedges leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, locally bleached) dead, fallen, locally bleached leaf is decayed by hypophyllous apothecium Lophodermium neesii Holly Leaf Split Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Lophodermium neesii/Lophodermium neesiiholly leaf splithypophyllousapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, locally bleachedleaf (6-8)hypophyllous apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, locally bleached leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, rotting) dead, fallen, rotting leaf is decayed by mostly epiphyllous thyriothecium Microthyrium microscopicum a fly speck fungus Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium microscopicum/Microthyrium microscopicuma fly speck fungusmostly epiphyllousthyriothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, rottingleaf (1-12)mostly epiphyllous thyriothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, rotting leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, rotting) dead, fallen, rotting leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Oidiodendron anamorph Oidiodendron flavum an anamorphic fungus Onygenales: Myxotrichaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Myxotrichaceae/Oidiodendron flavum/Oidiodendron flavuman anamorphic funguseffusecolonyOidiodendron anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, rottingleaf (12-1)effuse colony of Oidiodendron anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen, rotting leaf
leaf (dead, fallen, rotting) dead, fallen, rotting leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Chalara bulbosa a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microascales Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Microascales/Chalara bulbosa/Chalara bulbosaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyChalara dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, rottingleaf (1-2)effuse colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen, rotting leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diplodia ilicicola a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Diplodia ilicicola/Diplodia ilicicolaa coelomyceteimmersed, but raising epidermispycnidiumDiplodia coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf (10-4)immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, epiphyllous, opening by little pale lid apothecium Trochila ilicina Holly Speckle Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Trochila ilicina/Trochila ilicinaholly speckleimmersed, epiphyllous, opening by little pale lidapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf (esp. 12-2)immersed, epiphyllous, opening by little pale lid apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, stromatic apothecium Phacidium lauri a discomycete Helotiales: Phacidiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phacidiaceae/Phacidium lauri/Phacidium lauria discomyceteimmersed, stromaticapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf (4-5)immersed, stromatic apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by immersed, round, black stroma of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phacidium lauri a discomycete Helotiales: Phacidiaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Phacidiaceae/Phacidium lauri/Phacidium lauria discomyceteimmersed, round, blackstromaCeuthospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf (1-4)immersed, round, black stroma of Ceuthospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Dictyochaeta dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Dictyochaeta setosa a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Dictyochaeta setosa/Dictyochaeta setosaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyDictyochaeta dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf effuse colony of Dictyochaeta dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by superficial, hypophyllous perithecium Hydropisphaera erubescens a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Hydropisphaera erubescens/Hydropisphaera erubescensa pyrenomycetesuperficial, hypophyllousperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf (10-4)superficial, hypophyllous perithecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by perithecium UK/Ireland Calonectria ilicicola a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Calonectria hederae Arnaud and its Cylindrocladium conidial state, Booth, C. & Murray, J.S., 1960
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Calonectria ilicicola/Calonectria ilicicolaa pyrenomyceteperithecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf perithecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by Cylindrocladium anamorph UK/Ireland Calonectria ilicicola a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Calonectria hederae Arnaud and its Cylindrocladium conidial state, Booth, C. & Murray, J.S., 1960
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Calonectria ilicicola/Calonectria ilicicolaa pyrenomyceteCylindrocladium anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf Cylindrocladium anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Subulispora dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Subulispora britannica a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Subulispora britannica/Subulispora britannicaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonySubulispora dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf effuse colony of Subulispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by fruitbody Mycocalia sphagneti Bog Cannon, Bog Mycocalia Agaricales: Agaricaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Mycocalia sphagneti/Mycocalia sphagnetibog cannon, bog mycocaliafruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenleaf fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, patchily dark brown) dead, patchily dark brown leaf is decayed by more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe crustosa a valsoid pyrenomyete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe crustosa/Diaporthe crustosaa valsoid pyrenomyetemore or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long coveredpycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, patchily dark brownleaf (12-2)more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, patchily dark brown leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by immersed, numerous, gregarious pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Coleophoma cylindrospora a coelomycete Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Coleophoma cylindrospora/Coleophoma cylindrosporaa coelomyceteimmersed, numerous, gregariouspycnidiumColeophoma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (4-5)immersed, numerous, gregarious pycnidium of Coleophoma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by epiphyllous, immersed pseudothecium Phyllosticta philoprina an ascomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/Phyllosticta philoprinaan ascomyceteepiphyllous, immersedpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (12)epiphyllous, immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Phyllosticta philoprina an ascomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/Phyllosticta philoprinaan ascomyceteoften in concentric ringspycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by often in concentric rings, sometimes stromatic pycnidium of Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph Phyllosticta philoprina an ascomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/Phyllosticta philoprinaan ascomyceteoften in concentric rings, sometimes stromaticpycnidiumDothiorella coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf often in concentric rings, sometimes stromatic pycnidium of Dothiorella coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is spotted by often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Phyllosticta philoprina an ascomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta philoprina/Phyllosticta philoprinaan ascomyceteoften in concentric ringspycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf often in concentric rings pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by hypostromatic hysterothecium Aulographum hederae a fly speck fungus Asterinales: Aulographaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
A reappraisal of Microthyriaceae, Wu, H.X., Schoch, C.L., Boonmee, S., Bahkali, A.H., Chomnunti, P. & Hyde, K.D., 2011
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Aulographaceae/Aulographum hederae/Aulographum hederaea fly speck fungushypostromatichysterothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (1-7)hypostromatic hysterothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Periconiella dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Periconiella ilicis a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Periconiella ilicis/Periconiella ilicisa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyPericoniella dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf effuse colony of Periconiella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by amphigenous thyriothecium Microthyrium ciliatum var ciliatum a fly speck fungus Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum/Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatuma fly speck fungusamphigenousthyriothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (10-5)amphigenous thyriothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by immersed then erumpent, amphigenous, scattered pycnidium of Pyrenochaeta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Pyrenochaeta ilicis a coelomycete Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pyrenochaeta ilicis/Pyrenochaeta ilicisa coelomyceteimmersed then erumpent, amphigenous, scatteredpycnidiumPyrenochaeta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (10-5)immersed then erumpent, amphigenous, scattered pycnidium of Pyrenochaeta coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph Anungitea fragilis a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Anungitea fragilis/Anungitea fragilisa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffuse or discretecolonyAnungitea dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (5-9)effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Henicospora dematiaceous anamorph Henicospora minor a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Henicospora minor/Henicospora minora dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyHenicospora dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (9-11)effuse colony of Henicospora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by superficial, mostly epiphyllous perithecium Niesslia ilicifolia an ascomycete fungus Hypocreales: Niessliaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Niessliaceae/Niesslia ilicifolia/Niesslia ilicifoliaan ascomycete fungussuperficial, mostly epiphyllousperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf (3-6)superficial, mostly epiphyllous perithecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph Sporidesmium goidanichii a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sporidesmium goidanichii/Sporidesmium goidanichiia dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonySporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadleaf effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (decaying, dead) decaying, dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Dactylaria dematiaceous anamorph Dactylaria fusiformis a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Helotiales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dactylaria fusiformis/Dactylaria fusiformisa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyDactylaria dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydecaying, deadleaf effuse colony of Dactylaria dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on decaying, dead leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, immersed pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Coniothyrium ilicis a coelomycete Pleosporales: Coniothyriaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Coniothyriaceae/Coniothyrium ilicis/Coniothyrium ilicisa coelomyceteepiphyllous, immersedpycnidiumConiothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfadingleaf (3-7)epiphyllous, immersed pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live, black-blotched) live, black-blotched leaf may be infected and damaged by UK/IrelandMajor Phytophthora ilicis Holly Leaf Bllight - causative organism Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Holly leaf blight, RHS
Phytophthora ilicis, Hall, G., 1991
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora ilicis/Phytophthora ilicisholly leaf bllight - causative organism Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylive, black-blotchedleafMajor infects and damages live, black-blotched leaf
leaf (live, mined) live, mined leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, few pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Ascochyta ilicis a coelomycete Pleosporales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Ascochyta ilicis/Ascochyta ilicisa coelomyceteepiphyllous, fewpycnidiumAscochyta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylive, minedleaf (2)epiphyllous, few pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live, mined leaf
leaf (live) live leaf has sap sucked by hypophyllous UK/IrelandMajor Pulvinaria floccifera Cushion Scale, Cottony Camellia Scale Hemiptera: Coccidae Cottony camellia scale, an increasingly important horticultural pest, Anon., 2009
Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Changes in status and distribution of Hydrangea Scale, Pulvinaria hydrangeae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Britain, Salisbury, A. & Malumphy, C., 2017
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Coccidae/Pulvinaria floccifera/Pulvinaria flocciferacushion scale, cottony camellia scalehypophyllous Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyliveleafMajor hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phyllosticta aquifolina an ilex leaf spot Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta aquifolina/Phyllosticta aquifolinaan ilex leaf spotgregariouspycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyliveleaf (4)gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by scattered or gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Phyllosticta haynaldii a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta haynaldii/Phyllosticta haynaldiia coelomycetescattered or gregariouspycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyliveleaf (1-5)scattered or gregarious pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous UK/Ireland Phyllactinia guttata s. lat. Hazel Mildew, Hazelnut Powdery Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
Teaching Techniques for Mycology: 13. Functioning of cleistothecia in Phyllactinia guttata, Weber, R.W.S. & Webster, J., 2001
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Phyllactinia guttata s. lat./Phyllactinia guttata s. lat.hazel mildew, hazelnut powdery mildewhypophyllous Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyliveleaf hypophyllous parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Dendrophoma phyllogena a coelomycete Xylariales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Dendrophoma phyllogena/Dendrophoma phyllogenaa coelomycetenumerous, subepidermalpycnidiumDendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyliveleaf (5)numerous, subepidermal pycnidium of Dendrophoma coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf may have epiphytic epiphyllous thallus UK/Ireland Phycopeltis arundinacea an epiphytic green alga Trentepohliales: Trentepohliaceae The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles, John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J., 2002
/Plantae/Chlorophyta/Ulvophyceae/Trentepohliales/Trentepohliaceae/Phycopeltis arundinacea/Phycopeltis arundinaceaan epiphytic green algaepiphyllousthallus Plant / epiphyteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyliveleaf epiphyllous thallus grows on live leaf
leaf (mined) mined leaf may house puparium UK/IrelandRestricted Phytomyza ilicis Holly Leaf-miner, Holly Leaf Gall Fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza ilicis/Phytomyza ilicisholly leaf-miner, holly leaf gall flypuparium Plant / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyminedleafSole puparium may be found in mined leaf
leaf (skeletal) skeletal leaf is decayed by amphigenous thyriothecium Microthyrium ciliatum var ciliatum a fly speck fungus Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatum/Microthyrium ciliatum var. ciliatuma fly speck fungusamphigenousthyriothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyskeletalleaf (10-5)amphigenous thyriothecium is saprobic on skeletal leaf
litter litter is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph Minor Camposporium cambrense a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium cambrense/Camposporium cambrensea dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCamposporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylitterMinor (1-12)effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
litter litter is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph Camposporium pellucidum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium pellucidum/Camposporium pelluciduma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCamposporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylitter effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
litter (dead) dead litter is decayed by effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph Anungitea fragilis a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Anungitea fragilis/Anungitea fragilisa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffuse or discretecolonyAnungitea dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadlitter (5-9)effuse or discrete colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead litter
log (damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered) damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered log is associate of effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph Heteroconium tetracoilum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Heteroconium tetracoilum/Heteroconium tetracoiluma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyHeteroconium anamorph Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydamp, rotten, esp. leaf-coveredlog effuse colony of Heteroconium anamorph is associated with damp, rotten, esp. leaf-covered log
root (dead) dead root is decayed by fruitbody Grifola frondosa Hen Of The Woods Polyporales: Meripilaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Grifola frondosa/Grifola frondosahen of the woodsfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadroot fruitbody is saprobic on dead root
root (live) live root is parasitised by fruitbody Grifola frondosa Hen Of The Woods Polyporales: Meripilaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Grifola frondosa/Grifola frondosahen of the woodsfruitbody Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyliveroot fruitbody parasitises live root
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by immersed, pustular, erumpent, multilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Cytospora ilicina a stromatic coelomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora ilicina/Cytospora ilicinaa stromatic coelomyceteimmersed, pustular, erumpent, multilocularstromaCytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadstem immersed, pustular, erumpent, multilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph Cytospora populina a valsoid pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora populina/Cytospora populinaa valsoid pyrenomycetesubgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat discstromaCytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadstem (10-5)subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stump (large) (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stump (large) is decayed by fruitbody Rare Pluteus petasatus Scaly Shield Agaricales: Pluteaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus petasatus/Pluteus petasatusscaly shieldfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayedstump (large)Rare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (large)
stump (large) (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stump (large) is decayed by clumped fruitbody Psathyrella cotonea Yellowfoot Brittlestem Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella cotonea/Psathyrella cotoneayellowfoot brittlestemclumpedfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayedstump (large) clumped fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stump (large)
stump (large) (dead) dead stump (large) is decayed by fruitbody Meripilus giganteus Giant Polypore Polyporales: Meripilaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Meripilus giganteus/Meripilus giganteusgiant polyporefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadstump (large) fruitbody is saprobic on dead stump (large)
trunk (base) trunk (base) may be infected and damaged by fruitbody Meripilus giganteus Giant Polypore Polyporales: Meripilaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Meripilus giganteus/Meripilus giganteusgiant polyporefruitbody Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollytrunk (base) fruitbody infects and damages trunk (base)
trunk (large) (dead, decayed) dead, decayed trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody Rare Pluteus petasatus Scaly Shield Agaricales: Pluteaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus petasatus/Pluteus petasatusscaly shieldfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayedtrunk (large)Rare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed trunk (large)
trunk (large) (dead, fallen, very decayed) dead, fallen, very decayed trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody Minor Pluteus phlebophorus Wrinkled Shield Agaricales: Pluteaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus phlebophorus/Pluteus phlebophoruswrinkled shieldfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, very decayedtrunk (large)Minor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, very decayed trunk (large)
trunk (large) (dead) dead trunk (large) is decayed by fruitbody Meripilus giganteus Giant Polypore Polyporales: Meripilaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meripilaceae/Meripilus giganteus/Meripilus giganteusgiant polyporefruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtrunk (large) fruitbody is saprobic on dead trunk (large)
trunk (dead) dead trunk is decayed by scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium Neonectria coccinea Beech Bark Disease - causative organism Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/Neonectria coccineabeech bark disease (causative organism)scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30perithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtrunk (9-5)scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dead) dead trunk is decayed by Cylindrocarpon anamorph Neonectria coccinea Beech Bark Disease - causative organism Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/Neonectria coccineabeech bark disease (causative organism)Cylindrocarpon anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtrunk (9-5)Cylindrocarpon anamorph is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dead) dead trunk is decayed by erumpent stroma Neonectria coccinea Beech Bark Disease - causative organism Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/Neonectria coccineabeech bark disease (causative organism)erumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtrunk (9-5)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dying) dying trunk is decayed by erumpent stroma Nectria punicea var ilicis a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/Nectria punicea var. ilicisa pyrenomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydyingtrunk (10-5)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dying trunk
trunk (dying) dying trunk is decayed by crowded, stromatic perithecium Nectria punicea var ilicis a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Nectria punicea var. ilicis/Nectria punicea var. ilicisa pyrenomycetecrowded, stromaticperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydyingtrunk (10-5)crowded, stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dying trunk
twig twig is decayed by immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diplodia ilicicola a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Diplodia ilicicola/Diplodia ilicicolaa coelomyceteimmersed, but raising epidermispycnidiumDiplodia coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollytwig (10-4)immersed, but raising epidermis pycnidium of Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on twig
twig (dead, fallen) dead, fallen twig is decayed by effuse colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph Anungitea heterospora a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Anungitea heterospora/Anungitea heterosporaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyAnungitea dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallentwig effuse colony of Anungitea dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen twig
twig (dead, often grey or purple stained) dead, often grey or purple stained twig is decayed by effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph Triposporium elegans a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Asterinales: Asterinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Triposporium elegans/Triposporium elegansa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyTriposporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, often grey or purple stainedtwig (1-12)effuse colony of Triposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, often grey or purple stained twig
twig (dead, patchily dark brown) dead, patchily dark brown twig is decayed by more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe crustosa a valsoid pyrenomyete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe crustosa/Diaporthe crustosaa valsoid pyrenomyetemore or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long coveredpycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, patchily dark browntwig (12-2)more or less scattered, or in 2’s & 3’s, long covered pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, patchily dark brown twig
twig (dead) dead twig may contain larva Major Pogonocherus hispidus Lesser Thorn-tipped Longhorn Beetle Coleoptera: Cerambycidae Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Pogonocherus hispidus/Pogonocherus hispiduslesser thorn-tipped longhorn beetlelarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwigMajor larva feeds within dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by hysterothecium Gloniopsis praelonga an ascomycete Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Hysteriales/Hysteriaceae/Gloniopsis praelonga/Gloniopsis praelongaan ascomycetehysterothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwig (1-12)hysterothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by immersed, solitary pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Coniothyrium slaptoniense a coelomycete Pleosporales: Coniothyriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Coniothyriaceae/Coniothyrium slaptoniense/Coniothyrium slaptoniensea coelomyceteimmersed, solitarypycnidiumConiothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwig (8)immersed, solitary pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by irregular shaped, immersed, contents reddish-brown stroma UK/Ireland Didymosphaeria massarioides an ascomycete Pleosporales: Didymosphaeriaceae Two new genera of Ascomycota, and other new or interesting fungi from Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and its environs, Cannon, P.F., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymosphaeriaceae/Didymosphaeria massarioides/Didymosphaeria massarioidesan ascomyceteirregular shaped, immersed, contents reddish-brownstroma Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwig irregular shaped, immersed, contents reddish-brown stroma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by stromatic, necks emerging through peridial cracks ascoma UK/Ireland Didymosphaeria massarioides an ascomycete Pleosporales: Didymosphaeriaceae Two new genera of Ascomycota, and other new or interesting fungi from Slapton Ley National Nature Reserve and its environs, Cannon, P.F., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymosphaeriaceae/Didymosphaeria massarioides/Didymosphaeria massarioidesan ascomycetestromatic, necks emerging through peridial cracksascoma Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwig stromatic, necks emerging through peridial cracks ascoma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is spotted by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph Sporidesmium ilicinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium ilicinum/Sporidesmium ilicinuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonySporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwig effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by scattered, erumpent sporodochium of Coniosporium dematiaceous anamorph Coniosporium ilicinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetothyriales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales/Coniosporium ilicinum/Coniosporium ilicinuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungusscattered, erumpentsporodochiumConiosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwig scattered, erumpent sporodochium of Coniosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by erumpent stroma Diaporthe ilicis a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe ilicis/Diaporthe ilicisa pyrenomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadtwig erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead twig
twig (decorticate) decorticate twig is decayed by hysterothecium Glonium lineare an ascomycete Mytilinidiales: Gloniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Mytilinidiales/Gloniaceae/Glonium lineare/Glonium linearean ascomycetehysterothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydecorticatetwig hysterothecium is saprobic on decorticate twig
twig (fallen, dead) fallen, dead twig is decayed by effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Helminthosporium velutinum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Massarinaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Massarinaceae/Helminthosporium velutinum/Helminthosporium velutinuma dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyHelminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadtwig effuse colony of Helminthosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead twig
twig (long, drooping, attached) long, drooping, attached twig is decayed by immersed, surrounded by pale halo perithecium Vialaea insculpta a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Vialaeaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Vialaeaceae/Vialaea insculpta/Vialaea insculptaa pyrenomyceteimmersed, surrounded by pale haloperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollylong, drooping, attachedtwig (9-4)immersed, surrounded by pale halo perithecium is saprobic on long, drooping, attached twig
wood wood is decayed by immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium Diaporthe eres a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/Diaporthe eresa pyrenomyceteimmersed, often loosely groupedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollywood immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood wood is decayed by perithecium Cosmospora viridescens a pyrenomycete Hypocreales: Nectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Cosmospora viridescens/Cosmospora viridescensa pyrenomyceteperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollywood (9-5)perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood wood is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Auricularia auricula-judae Jelly Ear, The Jew’s Ear, Judas’s Ear Fungus Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Unusual hosts for some common British fungi, Reid, D.A., 1978
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Auricularia auricula-judae/Auricularia auricula-judaejelly ear, The Jew’s ear, Judas’s ear fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollywood fruitbody is saprobic on wood
wood (Armillaria mellea-decayed) Armillaria mellea-decayed wood is decayed by superficial perithecium Lasiosphaeria ovina Woolly Woodwart Sordariales: Lasiosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Lasiosphaeriaceae/Lasiosphaeria ovina/Lasiosphaeria ovinawoolly woodwartsuperficialperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyArmillaria mellea-decayedwood (9-4)superficial perithecium is saprobic on Armillaria mellea-decayed wood
wood (dead or rotten) dead or rotten wood is foodplant of Melicius gracilis a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Melicius gracilis/Melicius gracilisa weevil Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead or rottenwood feeds on dead or rotten wood
wood (dead, attached) dead, attached wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Exidia plana Warlock’s Butter Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia plana/Exidia planawarlock's butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, attachedwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, attached wood
wood (dead, decayed, buried) dead, decayed, buried wood is decayed by clumped fruitbody Psathyrella cotonea Yellowfoot Brittlestem Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella cotonea/Psathyrella cotoneayellowfoot brittlestemclumpedfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayed, buriedwood clumped fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed, buried wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Pluteus phlebophorus Wrinkled Shield Agaricales: Pluteaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pluteaceae/Pluteus phlebophorus/Pluteus phlebophoruswrinkled shieldfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayedwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by clumped fruitbody Psathyrella cotonea Yellowfoot Brittlestem Agaricales: Psathyrellaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Psathyrellaceae/Psathyrella cotonea/Psathyrella cotoneayellowfoot brittlestemclumpedfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayedwood clumped fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Resupinatus applicatus Smoked Oysterling Agaricales: Tricholomataceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Tricholomataceae/Resupinatus applicatus/Resupinatus applicatussmoked oysterlingfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayedwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Rare Postia stiptica Bitter Bracket Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Postia stiptica/Postia stipticabitter bracketfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decayedwoodRare fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead, decorticate) dead, decorticate wood is decayed by sessile apothecium Mollisia cinerella a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia cinerella/Mollisia cinerellaa discomycetesessileapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, decorticatewood (1-8)sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead, decorticate wood
wood (dead, fallen, usually decorticate) dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Exidia nucleata Crystal Brain Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia nucleata/Exidia nucleatacrystal brainfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallen, usually decorticatewoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen, usually decorticate wood
wood (dead, fallen) dead, fallen wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Schizophyllum commune Splitgill, Common Porecrust Agaricales: Schizophyllaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Schizophyllaceae/Schizophyllum commune/Schizophyllum communesplitgill, common porecrustfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood
wood (dead, fallen) dead, fallen wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Exidia plana Warlock’s Butter Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia plana/Exidia planawarlock's butterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood
wood (dead, fallen) dead, fallen wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Exidia thuretiana White Brain Auriculariales: Auriculariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Auriculariales/Auriculariaceae/Exidia thuretiana/Exidia thuretianawhite brainfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, fallenwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen wood
wood (dead, white-rotten) dead, white-rotten wood is decayed by bracket UK/IrelandMinor Daedaleopsis confragosa Blushing Bracket Polyporales: Polyporaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Attempts at active protection of Inonotus obliquus by inoculating birches with its mycelium, Pietka, J. & Grzywacz, A., 2006
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Polyporaceae/Daedaleopsis confragosa/Daedaleopsis confragosablushing bracketbracket Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydead, white-rottenwoodMinor bracket is saprobic on dead, white-rotten wood
wood (dead) dead wood is foodplant of UK/Ireland Rhopalomesites tardii Holly Weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Rhopalomesites tardii/Rhopalomesites tardiiholly weevil Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood feeds on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by punctiform or effuse colony of Bispora dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Bispora betulina a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Bispora betulina/Bispora betulinaa dematiaceous anamorphic funguspunctiform or effusecolonyBispora dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood punctiform or effuse colony of Bispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by colony of Campsosporium anamorph UK/Ireland Camposporium cambrense a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium cambrense/Camposporium cambrensea dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyCampsosporium anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood colony of Campsosporium anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by Camarosporium coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Camarosporium ilicis a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Camarosporium ilicis/Camarosporium ilicisa coelomyceteCamarosporium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood Camarosporium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Corynespora smithii a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales: Corynesporascaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Corynesporascaceae/Corynespora smithii/Corynespora smithiia dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCorynespora dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood (9-6)effuse colony of Corynespora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by Periconia dematiaceous anamorph Periconia cambrensis a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Pleosporales Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Periconia cambrensis/Periconia cambrensisa dematiaceous anamorphic fungusPericonia dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood (8-4)Periconia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph Menispora ciliata a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Menispora ciliata/Menispora ciliataa dematiaceous anamorphic funguscolonyMenispora dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by immersed perithecium Diaporthe pardalota a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe pardalota/Diaporthe pardalotaa pyrenomyceteimmersedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood (1-8)immersed perithecium is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph Ceratosporium fuscescens a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Sordariales: Helminthosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Helminthosphaeriaceae/Ceratosporium fuscescens/Ceratosporium fuscescensa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCeratosporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood (2-6)effuse colony of Ceratosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph Endophragmiella ellisii non sensu Endophragmiella biseptata (Peck) S. Hughes, 1978 a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Sordariales: Helminthosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Helminthosphaeriaceae/Endophragmiella ellisii non sensu Endophragmiella biseptata (Peck) S. Hughes, 1978/Endophragmiella ellisii non sensu Endophragmiella biseptata (Peck) S. Hughes, 1978a dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyEndophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood (9-5)effuse colony of Endophragmiella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by fruitbody Flammulina velutipes var velutipes Velvet Shank, Winter Fungus Agaricales: Physalacriaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes/Flammulina velutipes var. velutipesvelvet shank, winter fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood (mainly winter)fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Pleurotus pulmonarius Pale Oyster Agaricales: Pleurotaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pleurotaceae/Pleurotus pulmonarius/Pleurotus pulmonariuspale oysterfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Fuscoporia ferruginosa Rusty Porecrust Hymenochaetales: Hymenochaetaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Hymenochaetales/Hymenochaetaceae/Fuscoporia ferruginosa/Fuscoporia ferruginosarusty porecrustfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by fruitbody Minor Trametes pubescens a bracket fungus Polyporales: Polyporaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Polyporaceae/Trametes pubescens/Trametes pubescensa bracket fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwoodMinor fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by stalked, clustered basidiocarp Foreign Phleogena faginea Fenugreek Stalkball Atractiellales: Phleogenaceae Profiles of Fungi No. 62: Phleogena faginea (Fr.:Fr.) Link, Cook, P., 1994
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Atractiellales/Phleogenaceae/Phleogena faginea/Phleogena fagineafenugreek stalkballstalked, clusteredbasidiocarp Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollydeadwood stalked, clustered basidiocarp is saprobic on dead wood
wood (fallen, dead) fallen, dead wood is decayed by sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph Cryptocoryneum condensatum a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Cryptocoryneum condensatum/Cryptocoryneum condensatuma dematiaceous anamorphic fungussporodochiumCryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfallen, deadwood sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead wood
wood (fungus-infected) fungus-infected wood is associate of stroma Capronia nigerrima an ascomycete Chaetothyriales: Herpotrichiellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales/Herpotrichiellaceae/Capronia nigerrima/Capronia nigerrimaan ascomycetestroma Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyfungus-infectedwood (9-4)stroma is associated with fungus-infected wood
wood (moribund) moribund wood is parasitised by fruitbody Flammulina velutipes var velutipes Velvet Shank, Winter Fungus Agaricales: Physalacriaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Flammulina velutipes var. velutipes/Flammulina velutipes var. velutipesvelvet shank, winter fungusfruitbody Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollymoribundwood fruitbody parasitises moribund wood
wood (rotten) rotten wood is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph Minor Camposporium cambrense a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium cambrense/Camposporium cambrensea dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyCamposporium dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyrottenwoodMinor (1-12)effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on rotten wood
wood (rotten) rotten wood is decayed by immersed perithecium Lentomitella cirrhosa a pyrenomycete Boliniales: Boliniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Boliniales/Boliniaceae/Lentomitella cirrhosa/Lentomitella cirrhosaa pyrenomyceteimmersedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyrottenwood (good condition: 4-5)immersed perithecium is saprobic on rotten wood
wood (rotten) rotten wood is decayed by effuse colony of Alysidium anamorph Botryobasidium aureum a resupinate fungus Cantharellales: Botryobasidiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Cantharellales/Botryobasidiaceae/Botryobasidium aureum/Botryobasidium aureuma resupinate funguseffusecolonyAlysidium anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Aquifoliales/Aquifoliaceae/Ilex aquifolium/Ilex aquifoliumhollyrottenwood effuse colony of Alysidium anamorph is saprobic on rotten wood

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Ilex aquifolium (Holly) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesIlex aquifolium (Holly)
GenusIlex (hollies)
FamilyAQUIFOLIACEAE (hollies)
OrderAQUIFOLIALES (hollies)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Ilex aquifolium (Holly)

Ilex aquifolium (Holly) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Ecology

(Flex Aquifolium L., Aquifoliaceae)

And Roseroot (Rhodiola Rosea L., Crassulaceae)

Richards, A.J. 1988 Male predominant sex ratios in Holly (Ilex aquifolium L., Aquifoliaceae) and Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L., Crassulaceae) Watsonia Vol 17: 53-57.

Pathology

Mishra, R.R, & Dickinson, C.H. 1981 Phylloplane and litter fungi of Ilex aquifolium TBMS Vol 77 (2): 329-337.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Ilex aquifolium (Holly):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 14 images of Ilex aquifolium (Holly)
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