Vaccinium myrtillus L.
(Bilberry)

Interactions where Vaccinium myrtillus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
may have adult Cryptocephalus labiatus a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus labiatus/Cryptocephalus labiatusa leaf beetleadult Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberry (3-11)adult may be found on
is foodplant of UK/IrelandMinor Globiceps fulvicollis ssp cruciatus a capsid bug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Globiceps (Kelidocoris) fulvicollis subsp. cruciatus/Globiceps (Kelidocoris) fulvicollis subsp. cruciatusa capsid bug Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryMinor feeds on
has sap sucked by adult ForeignMajor Elasmucha ferrugata a shieldbug Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Acanthosomatidae/Elasmucha ferrugata/Elasmucha ferrugataa shieldbugadult Foodplant / sap suckerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryMajor adult sucks sap of
may be infected and damaged by Major Phytophthora alni Sudden Oak Death - causative organism, SOD, Phytophthora Disease Of Alder Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora alni/Phytophthora alnisudden oak death (causative organism), SOD, phytophthora disease of alder Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryMajor infects and damages
may be infected and damaged by Phytophthora pseudosyringae a blight Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae A further threat to UK heathland Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by Phytophthora pseudosyringae, Beales, P.A., Giltrap, P.M., Webb, K.M. & Ozolina, A., 2010
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora pseudosyringae/Phytophthora pseudosyringaea blight Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberry infects and damages
is associate of fruitbody Leccinum vulpinum Foxy Bolete Boletales: Boletaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Leccinum vulpinum/Leccinum vulpinumfoxy boletefruitbody Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberry fruitbody is associated with
bark (subapical) (dead, attached, pale spotted) dead, attached, pale spotted bark (subapical) is decayed by opening by slit apothecium UK/Ireland Terriera cladophila an ascomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Terriera cladophila (Lév.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Terriera cladophila/Terriera cladophilaan ascomyceteopening by slitapothecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, attached, pale spottedbark (subapical) (4-6)opening by slit apothecium is saprobic on dead, attached, pale spotted bark (subapical)
branch (dead, dry) dead, dry branch is decayed by erumpent, stromatic apothecium UK/Ireland Pezicula myrtillina a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pezicula myrtillina/Pezicula myrtillinaa discomyceteerumpent, stromaticapothecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, drybranch (7-12)erumpent, stromatic apothecium is saprobic on dead, dry branch
branch (dead, dry) dead, dry branch is decayed by deep-seated stroma UK/Ireland Pezicula myrtillina a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pezicula myrtillina/Pezicula myrtillinaa discomycetedeep-seatedstroma Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, drybranch (7-12)deep-seated stroma is saprobic on dead, dry branch
fruit (dead, fallen, mummified, black, over-wintered) dead, fallen, mummified, black, over-wintered fruit is decayed by in groups of 2 or 3, long-stalked apothecium Monilinia baccarum a discomycete Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia baccarum/Monilinia baccaruma discomycetein groups of 2 or 3, long-stalkedapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, fallen, mummified, black, over-winteredfruit (5)in groups of 2 or 3, long-stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, mummified, black, over-wintered fruit
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Pristiphora cincta a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora cincta/Pristiphora cinctaa sawflylarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Restricted Pristiphora mollis a sawfly Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora mollis/Pristiphora mollisa sawflylarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryleafSole larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc. a leaf-spot fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc./Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.a leaf-spot fungusepiphyllous, gregarious, minutepycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryleaf (9)epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis uredium Major Naohidemyces vacciniorum a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Naohidemyces vacciniorum/Naohidemyces vaccinioruma rust fungushypophyllous, long covered by epidermisuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryleafMajor (5-10)hypophyllous, long covered by epidermis uredium parasitises leaf
leaf leaf is parasitised by fruitbody Exobasidium myrtilli Blaeberry Redleaf Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 1997
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium myrtilli/Exobasidium myrtilliblaeberry redleaffruitbody Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryleaf fruitbody parasitises leaf
leaf (dead, attached, pale spotted) dead, attached, pale spotted leaf is decayed by immersed conidioma UK/Ireland Terriera cladophila an ascomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Terriera cladophila (Lév.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Terriera cladophila/Terriera cladophilaan ascomyceteimmersedconidioma Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, attached, pale spottedleaf (4-6)immersed conidioma is saprobic on dead, attached, pale spotted leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by stromatic pseudothecium Gibbera elegantula an ascomycete Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera elegantula/Gibbera elegantulaan ascomycetestromaticpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, fallenleaf (5)stromatic pseudothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is decayed by erumpent stroma Gibbera elegantula an ascomycete Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera elegantula/Gibbera elegantulaan ascomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, fallenleaf (5)erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by stromatic pseudothecium Gibbera myrtilli an ascomycete Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera myrtilli/Gibbera myrtillian ascomycetestromaticpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydeadleaf stromatic pseudothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by erumpent stroma Gibbera myrtilli an ascomycete Venturiales: Venturiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Venturiales/Venturiaceae/Gibbera myrtilli/Gibbera myrtillian ascomyceteerumpentstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydeadleaf erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by telium Major Naohidemyces vacciniorum a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
British Rust Fungi, Wilson, M., & Henderson, D., 1966
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Naohidemyces vacciniorum/Naohidemyces vaccinioruma rust fungustelium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydeadleafMajor telium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by erumpent pseudothecium UK/Ireland Leptosphaerulina myrtillina an ascomycete Pleosporales: Didymellaceae New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Leptosphaerulina myrtillina/Leptosphaerulina myrtillinaan ascomyceteerumpentpseudothecium Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryliveleaf (9-10)erumpent pseudothecium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous colony of conidial anamorph UK/Ireland Podosphaera myrtillina Bilberry Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Podosphaera myrtillina/Podosphaera myrtillinabilberry mildewmostly hypophyllouscolonyconidial anamorph Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryliveleaf mostly hypophyllous colony of conidial anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by cleistothecium UK/Ireland Podosphaera myrtillina Bilberry Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Podosphaera myrtillina/Podosphaera myrtillinabilberry mildewcleistothecium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryliveleaf cleistothecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by valdensia anamorph UK/Ireland Valdensia heterodoxa an anamorphic fungus Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae Plant parasitic hyphomycetes new to Britain (NBR 226-228), Mulenko, W. & Woodward, S., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Valdensia heterodoxa/Valdensia heterodoxaan anamorphic fungusvaldensia anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryliveleaf valdensia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is galled by fruitbody UK/IrelandRestricted Exobasidium arescens a redleaf fungus Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 3. (Hetero., Aphylloph., Gastero.), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 1997
Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium arescens/Exobasidium arescensa redleaf fungusfruitbody Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryliveleafSole (midsummer-)fruitbody causes gall of live leaf
pollen pollen is collected to provision nest of female UK/Ireland Andrena lapponica Bilberry Mining Bee Hymenoptera: Andrenidae Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates, Macdonald, M.A., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Andrenidae/Andrena lapponica/Andrena lapponicabilberry mining beefemale Foodplant / nestUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrypollen female provisions nest with pollen
root root is parasitised by UK/Ireland Melampyrum sylvaticum Small Cow-wheat Lamiales: Orobanchaceae Small Cow-wheat Melampyrum sylvaticum L.: Scrophulariaceae in England, Tennant, D.J., 2008
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Melampyrum sylvaticum/Melampyrum sylvaticumsmall cow-wheat Foodplant / hemiparasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryroot is hemiparasitic on root
root (live) live root is endomycorrhizal host of mycelium Foreign Oidiodendron maius a dematiaceous hyphomycete Onygenales: Myxotrichaceae Physiological and morphological variations in Oidiodendron maius, Rice, A.V. & Currah, R.S., 2001
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Onygenales/Myxotrichaceae/Oidiodendron maius/Oidiodendron maiusa dematiaceous hyphomycetemycelium Foodplant / mycorrhiza / endomycorrhizaForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryliveroot mycelium is endomycorrhizal with live root
root (live) live root is ectomycorrhizal host of fruitbody Questionable Cortinarius bolaris Dappled Webcap Agaricales: Cortinariaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Cortinariaceae/Cortinarius bolaris/Cortinarius bolarisdappled webcapfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryliveroot fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root
shoot shoot is galled by fruitbody UK/Ireland Exobasidium myrtilli Blaeberry Redleaf Exobasidiales: Exobasidiaceae Exobasidium in the British Isles, Ing, B., 1998
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Exobasidiales/Exobasidiaceae/Exobasidium myrtilli/Exobasidium myrtilliblaeberry redleaffruitbody Foodplant / gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryshoot fruitbody causes gall of shoot
shoot (wilted) wilted shoot is parasitised by Monilia dematiaceous anamorph Monilinia baccarum a discomycete Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae Nordic Macromycetes, Vol 1 (Ascomycetes), Hansen, L & Knudsen, H, 2000
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia baccarum/Monilinia baccaruma discomyceteMonilia dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrywiltedshoot (summer)Monilia dematiaceous anamorph parasitises wilted shoot
stem stem is spotted by epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc. a leaf-spot fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc./Septoria stemmatea sensu Sacc.a leaf-spot fungusepiphyllous, gregarious, minutepycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrystem (9)epiphyllous, gregarious, minute pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on stem
stem (dead, locally blackened) dead, locally blackened stem is decayed by scattered, pseudoplurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Cytospora vaccinii a stromatic coelomycete Diaporthales: Valsaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora vaccinii/Cytospora vacciniia stromatic coelomycetescattered, pseudoplurilocularstromaCytospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, locally blackenedstem (5)scattered, pseudoplurilocular stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, locally blackened stem
stem (lesioned) lesioned stem may be infected and damaged by UK/IrelandMajor Phytophthora kernoviae a blight Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Heathland plants under attack, Anon., 2009
Phytophthora ramorum and P. kernoviae in Scotland, MacKinlay, L. & McIntosh, J., 2010
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora kernoviae/Phytophthora kernoviaea blight Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrylesionedstemMajor infects and damages lesioned stem
stem (lesioned) lesioned stem may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Phytophthora sp. nov. a blight Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Heathland plants under attack, Anon., 2009
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora sp. nov./Phytophthora sp. nov.a blight Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrylesionedstem infects and damages lesioned stem
stem (live) live stem is spotted by UK/Ireland Leptosphaerulina myrtillina an ascomycete Pleosporales: Didymellaceae New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Leptosphaerulina myrtillina/Leptosphaerulina myrtillinaan ascomycete Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrylivestem (9-10)causes spots on live stem
stem (proliferating) proliferating stem is galled by Phytoplasma Phytoplasmas Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/Phytoplasma/PhytoplasmaPhytoplasmas Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryproliferatingstem causes gall of proliferating stem
twig (young) (curved) curved twig (young) is parasitised by Monilia dematiaceous anamorph Monilinia baccarum a discomycete Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Monilinia baccarum/Monilinia baccaruma discomyceteMonilia dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrycurvedtwig (young) (summer)Monilia dematiaceous anamorph parasitises curved twig (young)
twig (dead, locally pale) dead, locally pale twig is decayed by embedded, then erumpent apothecium Major Coccomyces leptideus an ascomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/Coccomyces leptideusan ascomyceteembedded, then erumpentapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, locally paletwigMajor embedded, then erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead, locally pale twig
twig (dead, locally pale) dead, locally pale twig is decayed by immersed coelomycetous anamorph Major Coccomyces leptideus an ascomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/Coccomyces leptideusan ascomyceteimmersedcoelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydead, locally paletwigMajor immersed coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, locally pale twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by thyriothecium UK/Ireland Morenoina rhododendri a fly speck fungus Asterinales: Asterinaceae The genus Morenoina in Britain, Ellis, J.P., 1980
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Morenoina rhododendri/Morenoina rhododendria fly speck fungusthyriothecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydeadtwig (5-6)thyriothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig of conidial anamorph is decayed by pycnothyrium UK/Ireland Morenoina rhododendri a fly speck fungus Asterinales: Asterinaceae The genus Morenoina in Britain, Ellis, J.P., 1980
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Asterinales/Asterinaceae/Morenoina rhododendri/Morenoina rhododendria fly speck funguspycnothyrium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydeadtwigconidial anamorph pycnothyrium is saprobic on dead twig of conidial anamorph
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by acervulus of Seimatosporium coelomycetous anamorph Seimatosporium vaccinii a coelomycete Xylariales: Amphisphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Amphisphaeriaceae/Seimatosporium vaccinii/Seimatosporium vacciniia coelomyceteacervulusSeimatosporium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydeadtwig acervulus of Seimatosporium coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by immersed just beneath epidermis perithecium Pseudomassaria vaccinii a pyrenomycete Xylariales: Hyponectriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Hyponectriaceae/Pseudomassaria vaccinii/Pseudomassaria vacciniia pyrenomyceteimmersed just beneath epidermisperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrydeadtwig (1)immersed just beneath epidermis perithecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (live, locally pale) live, locally pale twig is parasitised by embedded, then erumpent apothecium Major Coccomyces leptideus an ascomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Coccomyces leptideus (Fr.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Coccomyces leptideus/Coccomyces leptideusan ascomyceteembedded, then erumpentapothecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberrylive, locally paletwigMajor embedded, then erumpent apothecium parasitises live, locally pale twig
twig (recently dead, attached, pale spotted) recently dead, attached, pale spotted twig is decayed by opening by slit apothecium UK/Ireland Terriera cladophila an ascomycete Rhytismatales: Rhytismataceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Terriera cladophila (Lév.) B. Eriksson, Minter, D.W., 1996
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Rhytismataceae/Terriera cladophila/Terriera cladophilaan ascomyceteopening by slitapothecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ericales/Ericaceae/Vaccinium myrtillus/Vaccinium myrtillusbilberryrecently dead, attached, pale spottedtwig (4-6)opening by slit apothecium is saprobic on recently dead, attached, pale spotted twig

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Anon., 2009Heathland plants under attackPlant Clinic News July 09: 2.
Beales, P.A., Giltrap, P.M., Webb, K.M. & Ozolina, A., 2010A further threat to UK heathland Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) by Phytophthora pseudosyringaeVol 59 (2): 406.
Benson, R.B., 1958Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(c), 252pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
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Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
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Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesVaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry)
GenusVaccinium (bilberries and cranberries)
FamilyERICACEAE (heaths, heathers, rhododendrons, azaleas & wintergeeens)
OrderERICALES (heaths, heathers, azaleas, primroses, loosestrifes and balsams)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry)

Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Mycorrhiza

Taylor, A.S. & Alexander, I. 2005 The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: life in the real world Mycologist Vol 19 (3): 102-112.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 15 images of Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry)
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